Genome sequencing of high-penicillin producing industrial strain of Penicillium chrysogenum.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Wang, Fu-Qiang Zhong, Jun Zhao, Ying Xiao, Jingfa Liu, Jing Dai, Meng Zheng, Guizhen Zhang, Li Yu, Jun Wu, Jiayan Duan, Baoling
Abstract	BackgroundDue to the importance of Penicillium chrysogenum holding in medicine, the genome of low-penicillin producing laboratorial strain Wisconsin54-1255 had been sequenced and fully annotated. Through classical mutagenesis of Wisconsin54-1255, product titers and productivities of penicillin have dramatically increased, but what underlying genome structural variations is still little known. Therefore, genome sequencing of a high-penicillin producing industrial strain is very meaningful.ResultsTo reveal more insights into the genome structural variations of high-penicillin producing strain, we sequenced an industrial strain P. chrysogenum NCPC10086. By whole genome comparative analysis, we observed a large number of mutations, insertions and deletions, and structural variations. There are 69 new genes that not exist in the genome sequence of Wisconsin54-1255 and some of them are involved in energy metabolism, nitrogen metabolism and glutathione metabolism. Most importantly, we discovered a 53.7 Kb "new shift fragment" in a seven copies of determinative penicillin biosynthesis cluster in NCPC10086 and the arrangement type of amplified region is unique. Moreover, we presented two large-scale translocations in NCPC10086, containing genes involved energy, nitrogen metabolism and peroxysome pathway. At last, we found some non-synonymous mutations in the genes participating in homogentisate pathway or working as regulators of penicillin biosynthesis.ConclusionsWe provided the first high-quality genome sequence of industrial high-penicillin strain of P. chrysogenum and carried out a comparative genome analysis with a low-producing experimental strain. The genomic variations we discovered are related with energy metabolism, nitrogen metabolism and so on. These findings demonstrate the potential information for insights into the high-penicillin yielding mechanism and metabolic engineering in the future.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-S1-S11) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Journal	BMC Genomics
Volume Number	15 Suppl 1
PubMed Central reference number	PMC4046689
Issue Number	Suppl 1
PubMed reference number	24564352
e-ISSN	14712164
DOI	10.1186/1471-2164-15-s1-s11
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2014-01-24
Publisher Place	London
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. © Wang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biotechnology Genetics