Retinoic acid regulates olfactory progenitor cell fate and differentiation.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Paschaki, Marie Cammas, Laura Muta, Yuko Matsuoka, Yoko Mak, Siu-Shan Rataj-Baniowska, Monika Fraulob, Valérie Dollé, Pascal Ladher, Raj K
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	BackgroundIn order to fulfill their chemosensory function, olfactory neurons are in direct contact with the external environment and are therefore exposed to environmental aggressive factors. Olfaction is maintained through life because, unlike for other sensory neuroepithelia, olfactory neurons have a unique capacity to regenerate after trauma. The mechanisms that control the ontogenesis and regenerative ability of these neurons are not fully understood. Here, we used various experimental approaches in two model systems (chick and mouse) to assess the contribution of retinoic acid signaling in the induction of the olfactory epithelium, the generation and maintenance of progenitor populations, and the ontogenesis and differentiation of olfactory neurons.ResultsWe show that retinoic acid signaling, although dispensable for initial induction of the olfactory placode, plays a key role in neurogenesis within this neuroepithelium. Retinoic acid depletion in the olfactory epithelium, both in chick and mouse models, results in a failure of progenitor cell maintenance and, consequently, differentiation of olfactory neurons is not sustained. Using an explant system, we further show that renewal of olfactory neurons is hindered if the olfactory epithelium is unable to synthesize retinoic acid.ConclusionsOur data show that retinoic acid is not a simple placodal inductive signal, but rather controls olfactory neuronal production by regulating the fate of olfactory progenitor cells. Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3 (RALDH3) is the key enzyme required to generate retinoic acid within the olfactory epithelium.
Related Links	https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC3717070&blobtype=pdf
Journal	Neural Development [Neural Dev]
Volume Number	8
DOI	10.1186/1749-8104-8-13
PubMed Central reference number	PMC3717070
PubMed reference number	23829703
e-ISSN	17498104
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2013-07-05
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © 2013 Paschaki et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Subject Keyword	Olfactory neurons Neuronal differentiation RALDH Retinoid signaling Sensory systems Stem cells
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Developmental Neuroscience