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Temporal variability of pesticide concentrations in homes and implications for attenuation bias in epidemiologic studies.
| Content Provider | Europe PMC |
|---|---|
| Author | Deziel, Nicole C. Ward, Mary H. Bell, Erin M. Whitehead, Todd P. Gunier, Robert B. Friesen, Melissa C. Nuckols, John R. |
| Copyright Year | 2013 |
| Abstract | Background: Residential pesticide exposure has been linked to adverse health outcomes in adults and children. High-quality exposure estimates are critical for confirming these associations. Past epidemiologic studies have used one measurement of pesticide concentrations in carpet dust to characterize an individual’s average long-term exposure. If concentrations vary over time, this approach could substantially misclassify exposure and attenuate risk estimates.Objectives: We assessed the repeatability of pesticide concentrations in carpet dust samples and the potential attenuation bias in epidemiologic studies relying on one sample.Methods: We collected repeated carpet dust samples (median = 3; range, 1–7) from 21 homes in Fresno County, California, during 2003–2005. Dust was analyzed for 13 pesticides using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We used mixed-effects models to estimate between- and within-home variance. For each pesticide, we computed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the estimated attenuation of regression coefficients in a hypothetical case–control study collecting a single dust sample.Results: The median ICC was 0.73 (range, 0.37–0.95), demonstrating higher between-home than within-home variability for most pesticides. The expected magnitude of attenuation bias associated with using a single dust sample was estimated to be ≤ 30% for 7 of the 13 compounds evaluated.Conclusions: For several pesticides studied, use of one dust sample to represent an exposure period of approximately 2 years would not be expected to substantially attenuate odds ratios. Further study is needed to determine if our findings hold for longer exposure periods and for other pesticides. |
| ISSN | 00916765 |
| Journal | Environmental Health Perspectives |
| Volume Number | 121 |
| PubMed Central reference number | PMC3672902 |
| Issue Number | 5 |
| PubMed reference number | 23462689 |
| e-ISSN | 15529924 |
| DOI | 10.1289/ehp.1205811 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2013-03-05 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights License | Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright. |
| Subject Keyword | dust environmental exposure pesticides reliability |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health |
