Grape skin extract reduced pulmonary oxidative response in mice exposed to cigarette smoke.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Pires, Karla Maria Pereira Valença, Samuel Santos Resende, Ângela Castro Porto, Luís Cristóvão Queiroz, Emerson Ferreira Moreira, Daniele Dal Col de Moura, Roberto Soares
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	SummaryBackgroundOxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cigarette smoke (CS) is known to be one of the major sources of oxidants in the lungs. We postulated that acute administration of GSE (grape skin extract) would either reduce or protect the ALI (acute lung inflammation) produced by CS via NO release.Material/MethodsWe adopted a nutritional approach by investigating the inflammatory cells, metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) activity, and oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase – SOD; catalase – CAT; glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malondialdehyde – MDA – levels) that play a role in the development of acute lung inflammation (ALI). Therefore, we tested an orally active antioxidant produced from grape skin manipulation (grape skin extract – GSE), in mice exposed to CS from 6 cigarettes a day for 5 days. In addition, we used a separate group treated with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (an NO inhibitor) to confirm nitric oxide (NO) involvement in GSE effects.ResultsWe showed for the first time that administration of GSE inhibited ALI and oxidative damage induced by CS. This is associated with decreased MMP-9 activity, decreased number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and reduced levels of lipid peroxidation. Our results indicate that beneficial effects of GSE are NO-dependent.ConclusionsThe study indicates that alteration of the oxidant-antioxidant balance is important in the pathogenesis of CS-induced ALI and suggests lung protective effects of GSE treatment in the mouse.
ISSN	12341010
Journal	Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research
Volume Number	17
PubMed Central reference number	PMC3539621
Issue Number	8
PubMed reference number	21804454
e-ISSN	16433750
DOI	10.12659/msm.881895
Language	English
Publisher	International Scientific Literature, Inc.
Publisher Date	2011-08-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. © Med Sci Monit, 2011
Subject Keyword	acute lung injury cigarette smoke grape skin extract oxidative stress
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine