Near infrared fluorescent chlorophyll nanoscale liposomes for sentinel lymph node mapping.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Fan, Lina Wu, Qiang Chu, Maoquan
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	BackgroundSentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping using in vivo near infrared fluorescence imaging has attracted great attention during the past few years. Here we report on the early use of poorly water-soluble chlorophyll with near infrared fluorescence extracted from the leaf of Chimonanthus salicifolius, for mouse axillary SLN mapping.Methods and resultsTo improve the water solubility and SLN targeting of the chlorophyll, we encapsulated the chlorophyll in nanoscale liposomes. The liposome-coated chlorophyll nanocomposites obtained were spherical in shape and had an average diameter of 21.7 ± 6.0 nm. The nanocomposites dispersed well in water, and in aqueous suspension they exhibited brighter near infrared fluorescence than chlorophyll alone. After incubation of the nanocomposites with normal liver cells (QSG-7701) and macrophage cells (Ana-1) for no more than 48 hours, there was no obvious reduction in cell viability. When the nanocomposites were injected intradermally into the paw of a mouse, the axillary SLN was found to be strongly fluorescent and was easily visualized in real time without a requirement for surgery. The intensity of the near infrared fluorescence emitted by the SLN was obviously brighter than that emitted by the SLN of another mouse that had been intradermally injected with chlorophyll alone.ConclusionOur data show that the liposome-coated chlorophyll nanocomposites could have great potential for clinical SLN mapping due to their lack of toxicity, bright near infrared fluorescence, and small diameter.
ISSN	11769114
Journal	International Journal of Nanomedicine
Volume Number	7
PubMed Central reference number	PMC3390997
PubMed reference number	22787402
e-ISSN	11782013
DOI	10.2147/ijn.s27546
Language	English
Publisher	Dove Medical Press
Publisher Date	2012-06-20
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2012 Fan et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.
Subject Keyword	chlorophyll liposomes nanocomposites near infrared fluorescence sentinel lymph node mapping
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Organic Chemistry Drug Discovery Medicine Biomaterials Biophysics Bioengineering Pharmaceutical Science