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Glucose sensing in human epidermis using mid-infrared photoacoustic detection.
| Content Provider | Europe PMC |
|---|---|
| Author | Kottmann, Jonas Rey, Julien M. Luginbühl, Joachim Reichmann, Ernst Sigrist, Markus W. |
| Copyright Year | 2012 |
| Abstract | No reliable non-invasive glucose monitoring devices are currently available. We implemented a mid-infrared (MIR) photoacoustic (PA) setup to track glucose in vitro in deep epidermal layers, which represents a significant step towards non-invasive in vivo glucose measurements using MIR light. An external-cavity quantum-cascade laser (1010–1095 cm−1) and a PA cell of only 78 mm3 volume were employed to monitor glucose in epidermal skin. Skin samples are characterized by a high water content. Such samples investigated with an open-ended PA cell lead to varying conditions in the PA chamber (i.e., change of light absorption or relative humidity) and cause unstable signals. To circumvent variations in relative humidity and possible water condensation, the PA chamber was constantly ventilated by a 10 sccm N2 flow. By bringing the epidermal skin samples in contact with aqueous glucose solutions with different concentrations (i.e., 0.1–10 g/dl), the glucose concentration in the skin sample was varied through passive diffusion. The achieved detection limit for glucose in epidermal skin is 100 mg/dl (SNR=1). Although this lies within the human physiological range (30–500 mg/dl) further improvements are necessary to non-invasively monitor glucose levels of diabetes patients. Furthermore spectra of epidermal tissue with and without glucose content have been recorded with the tunable quantum-cascade laser, indicating that epidermal constituents do not impair glucose detection. |
| Journal | Biomedical Optics Express |
| Volume Number | 3 |
| PubMed Central reference number | PMC3345797 |
| Issue Number | 4 |
| PubMed reference number | 22574256 |
| e-ISSN | 21567085 |
| DOI | 10.1364/BOE.3.000667 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Optical Society of America |
| Publisher Date | 2012-03-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights License | This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License, which permits download and redistribution, provided that the original work is properly cited. This license restricts the article from being modified or used commercially. © 2012 Optical Society of America |
| Subject Keyword | (110.5125) Photoacoustics (140.5965) Semiconductor lasers, quantum cascade (170.1470) Blood or tissue constituent monitoring (170.6510) Spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Biotechnology Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics |
