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Ingestion exposure to nitrosamines in chlorinated drinking water.
| Content Provider | Europe PMC |
|---|---|
| Author | Kim, Hekap Han, Kichan |
| Copyright Year | 2011 |
| Abstract | ObjectivesN-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is classified as a probable human carcinogen by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and is formed during the chlorination of municipal drinking water. In this study, selected nitrosamines were measured in chlorinated drinking water collected from Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea, and a risk assessment for NDMA was conducted.MethodsTwelve water samples were collected from 2 treatment plants and 10 household taps. Samples were analyzed for 6 nitrosamines via solid-phase extraction cleanup followed by conversion to dansyl derivatives and high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). Considering the dietary patterns of Korean people and the concentration change of NDMA by boiling, a carcinogenic risk assessment from ingestion exposure was conducted following the US EPA guidelines.ResultsNDMA concentrations ranged between 26.1 and 112.0 ng/L. NDMA in water was found to be thermally stable, and thus its concentration at the end of boiling was greater than before thermal treatment owing to the decrease in water volume. The estimated excess lifetime carcinogenic risk exceeded the regulatory baseline risk of 10-5.ConclusionsThis result suggests that more extensive studies need to be conducted on nitrosamine concentration distributions over the country and the source of relatively high nitrosamine concentrations. |
| Related Links | https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC3214982&blobtype=pdf |
| Journal | Environmental Health and Toxicology [Environ Health Toxicol] |
| Volume Number | 26 |
| DOI | 10.5620/eht.2011.26.e2011003 |
| PubMed Central reference number | PMC3214982 |
| PubMed reference number | 22125764 |
| e-ISSN | 22336567 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | The Korean Society of Environmental Health and Toxicology |
| Publisher Date | 2011-03-15 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights License | This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2011 The Korean Society of Environmental Health and Toxicology |
| Subject Keyword | Chlorinated water Exposure NDMA Nitrosamines Thermal stability Risk assessment |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Toxicology |
