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Antigen sensitization influences organophosphorus pesticide-induced airway hyperreactivity.
| Content Provider | Europe PMC |
|---|---|
| Author | Proskocil, Becky J. Bruun, Donald A. Lorton, Jesse K. Blensly, Kirsten C. Jacoby, David B. Lein, Pamela J. Fryer, Allison D. |
| Copyright Year | 2008 |
| Abstract | BackgroundRecent epidemiologic studies have identified organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) as environmental factors potentially contributing to the increase in asthma prevalence over the last 25 years. In support of this hypothesis, we have demonstrated that environmentally relevant concentrations of OPs induce airway hyperreactivity in guinea pigs.ObjectivesSensitization to allergen is a significant contributing factor in asthma, and we have shown that sensitization changes virus-induced airway hyperreactivity from an eosinophil-independent mechanism to one mediated by eosinophils. Here, we determine whether sensitization similarly influences OP-induced airway hyperreactivity.MethodsNonsensitized and ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs were injected subcutaneously with the OP parathion (0.001–1.0 mg/kg). Twenty-four hours later, animals were anesthetized and ventilated, and bronchoconstriction was measured in response to either vagal stimulation or intravenous acetylcholine. Inflammatory cells and acetylcholinesterase activity were assessed in tissues collected immediately after physiologic measurements.ResultsOvalbumin sensitization decreased the threshold dose for parathion-induced airway hyperreactivity and exacerbated parathion effects on vagally induced bronchoconstriction. Pretreatment with antibody to interleukin (IL)-5 prevented parathion-induced hyperreactivity in sensitized but not in nonsensitized guinea pigs. Parathion did not increase the number of eosinophils in airways or the number of eosinophils associated with airway nerves nor did it alter eosinophil activation as assessed by major basic protein deposition.ConclusionsAntigen sensitization increases vulnerability to parathion-induced airway hyperreactivity and changes the mechanism to one that is dependent on IL-5. Because sensitization to allergens is characteristic of 50% of the general population and 80% of asthmatics (including children), these findings have significant implications for OP risk assessment, intervention, and treatment strategies. |
| ISSN | 00916765 |
| Journal | Environmental Health Perspectives |
| Volume Number | 116 |
| PubMed Central reference number | PMC2265045 |
| Issue Number | 3 |
| PubMed reference number | 18335107 |
| e-ISSN | 15529924 |
| DOI | 10.1289/ehp.10694 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2008-03-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights License | Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright. |
| Subject Keyword | airway hyperreactivity asthma atopy eosinophils organophosphorus pesticides parathion sensitization |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health |
