Pathogenesis of PM_2.5-Related Disorders in Different Age Groups: Children, Adults, and the Elderly.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Amnuaylojaroen, Teerachai Parasin, Nichapa
Editor	Fuso, Andrea
Copyright Year	2024
Abstract	The effects of PM2.5 on human health fluctuate greatly among various age groups, influenced by a range of physiological and immunological reactions. This paper compares the pathogenesis of the disease caused by PM2.5 in people of different ages, focusing on how children, adults, and the elderly are each susceptible to it because of differences in their bodies. Regarding children, exposure to PM2.5 is linked to many negative consequences. These factors consist of inflammation, oxidative stress, and respiratory problems, which might worsen pre-existing conditions and potentially cause neurotoxicity and developmental issues. Epigenetic changes can affect the immune system and make people more likely to get respiratory diseases. On the other hand, exposures during pregnancy can change how the cardiovascular and central nervous systems develop. In adults, the inhalation of PM2.5 is associated with a wide range of health problems. These include respiratory difficulties, reduced pulmonary function, and an increased susceptibility to illnesses such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. In addition, exposure to PM2.5 induces systemic inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, and neurotoxic consequences. Evident disturbances in the immune system and cognitive function demonstrate the broad impact of PM2.5. The elderly population is prone to developing respiratory and cardiovascular difficulties, which worsen their pre-existing health issues and raise the risk of cognitive decline and neurological illnesses. Having additional medical conditions, such as peptic ulcer disease, significantly increases the likelihood of being admitted to hospital.
Related Links	https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC11036283&blobtype=pdf
Volume Number	8
DOI	10.3390/epigenomes8020013
PubMed Central reference number	PMC11036283
Issue Number	2
PubMed reference number	38651366
Journal	Epigenomes
e-ISSN	20754655
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2024-03-31
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). © 2024 by the authors.
Subject Keyword	PM2.5 toxicity pathogenesis health impacts fine particulate matter
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biochemistry Genetics Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology