Nanomaterials: a review of emerging contaminants with potential health or environmental impact.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	El-Kalliny, Amer S. Abdel-Wahed, Mahmoud S. El-Zahhar, Adel A. Hamza, Ibrahim A. Gad-Allah, Tarek A.
Abstract	Nanotechnologies have been advantageous in many sectors and gaining much concern due to the unique physical, chemical and biological properties of nanomaterials (NMs). We have surveyed peer-reviewed publications related to “nanotechnology”, “NMs”, “NMs water treatment”, “NMs air treatment”, and “NMs environmental risk” in the last 23 years. We found that most of the research work is focused on developing novel applications for NMs and new products with peculiar features. In contrast, there are relatively few of publications concerning NMs as environmental contaminants relative to that for NMs applications. Thus, we devoted this review for NMs as emerging environmental contaminants. The definition and classification of NMs will be presented first to demonstrate the importance of unifying the NMs definition. The information provided here should facilitate the detection, control, and regulation of NMs contaminants in the environment. The high surface-area-to-volume ratio and the reactivity of NMs contaminants cause the prediction of the chemical properties and potential toxicities of NPs to be extremely difficult; therefore, we found that there are marked knowledge gaps in the fate, impact, toxicity, and risk of NMs. Consequently, developing and modifying extraction methods, detection tools, and characterization technologies are essential for complete risk assessment of NMs contaminants in the environment. This will help also in setting regulations and standards for releasing and handling NMs as there are no specific regulations. Finally, the integrated treatment technologies are necessary for the removal of NMs contaminants in water. Also, membrane technology is recommended for NMs remediation in air.
Related Links	https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC10409958&blobtype=pdf
Volume Number	18
DOI	10.1186/s11671-023-03787-8
PubMed Central reference number	PMC10409958
Issue Number	1
PubMed reference number	37382722
Journal	Discover Nano [Discov Nano]
e-ISSN	27319229
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2023-04-21
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2023
Subject Keyword	Nanomaterials Emerging contaminants Nanomaterials classification Nanomaterials impact Nanoparticles effect Nanomaterials control
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Condensed Matter Physics Materials Science