In vitro strategies for mimicking dynamic cell-ECM reciprocity in 3D culture models.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Urciuolo, F. Imparato, G. Netti, P. A.
Copyright Year	2023
Abstract	The extracellular microenvironment regulates cell decisions through the accurate presentation at the cell surface of a complex array of biochemical and biophysical signals that are mediated by the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). On the one hand, the cells actively remodel the ECM, which on the other hand affects cell functions. This cell–ECM dynamic reciprocity is central in regulating and controlling morphogenetic and histogenetic processes. Misregulation within the extracellular space can cause aberrant bidirectional interactions between cells and ECM, resulting in dysfunctional tissues and pathological states. Therefore, tissue engineering approaches, aiming at reproducing organs and tissues in vitro, should realistically recapitulate the native cell–microenvironment crosstalk that is central for the correct functionality of tissue-engineered constructs. In this review, we will describe the most updated bioengineering approaches to recapitulate the native cell microenvironment and reproduce functional tissues and organs in vitro. We have highlighted the limitations of the use of exogenous scaffolds in recapitulating the regulatory/instructive and signal repository role of the native cell microenvironment. By contrast, strategies to reproduce human tissues and organs by inducing cells to synthetize their own ECM acting as a provisional scaffold to control and guide further tissue development and maturation hold the potential to allow the engineering of fully functional histologically competent three-dimensional (3D) tissues.
Journal	Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Volume Number	11
PubMed Central reference number	PMC10330728
PubMed reference number	37434756
e-ISSN	22964185
DOI	10.3389/fbioe.2023.1197075
Language	English
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Publisher Date	2023-06-26
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Copyright © 2023 Urciuolo, Imparato and Netti.
Subject Keyword	3D tissue models extracellular matrix morphogeneis dynamic reciprocity cell–ECM interaction
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Bioengineering Biotechnology Biomedical Engineering Histology