The Effect of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis Bi-26 on Simulated Infant Gut Microbiome and Metabolites.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Salli, Krista Hirvonen, Johanna Anglenius, Heli Hibberd, Ashley A. Ahonen, Ilmari Saarinen, Markku T. Maukonen, Johanna Ouwehand, Arthur C.
Editor	Celandroni, Francesco
Copyright Year	2023
Abstract	Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) shape the developing infant gut microbiota. In this study, a semi-continuous colon simulator was used to evaluate the effect of 2 HMOs—2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL)—on the composition of infant faecal microbiota and microbial metabolites. The simulations were performed with and without a probiotic Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis Bi-26 (Bi-26) and compared with a control that lacked an additional carbon source. The treatments with HMOs decreased α-diversity and increased Bifidobacterium species versus the control, but the Bifidobacterium species differed between simulations. The levels of acetic acid and the sum of all short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) trended toward an increase with 2′-FL, as did lactic acid with 2′-FL and 3-FL, compared with control. A clear correlation was seen between the consumption of HMOs and the increase in SCFAs (−0.72) and SCFAs + lactic acid (−0.77), whereas the correlation between HMO consumption and higher total bifidobacterial numbers was moderate (−0.46). Bi-26 decreased propionic acid levels with 2′-FL. In conclusion, whereas infant faecal microbiota varied between infant donors, the addition of 2′-FL and 3-FL, alone or in combination, increased the relative abundance and numbers Bifidobacterium species in the semi-continuous colon simulation model, correlating with the production of microbial metabolites. These findings may suggest that HMOs and probiotics benefit the developing infant gut microbiota.
Journal	Microorganisms
Volume Number	11
PubMed Central reference number	PMC10304344
Issue Number	6
PubMed reference number	37375055
e-ISSN	20762607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms11061553
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2023-06-10
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). © 2023 by the authors.
Subject Keyword	infant colon simulations human milk oligosaccharides probiotics Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis Bi-26 2′-fucosyllactose 3-fucosyllactose
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Microbiology Microbiology (medical) Virology