NDLI: The Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Flaxseed Linusorbs on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages by Modulating TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK Pathway.

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The Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Flaxseed Linusorbs on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages by Modulating TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK Pathway.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Li, Jialong Chen, Jing Huang, Ping Cai, Zizhe Zhang, Ning Wang, Yong Li, Ying
Editor	Vinson, Joe
Copyright Year	2023
Abstract	Flaxseed linusorbs (FLs), cyclic peptides derived from flaxseed oils, have shown multiple activities such as anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-inflammatory monomers of FLs and their mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we have elucidated that FLs suppress the modulation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways by targeting the inhibition of activating TLR4 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, the transcription and expression of inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and inflammatory mediator proteins (i.e., iNos and Cox-2) were significantly suppressed by FLs. In addition, an in silico study discovered that eight monomers of FLs showed high-affinity bindings with TLR4. In silico data combined with HPLC results indicated that FLA and FLE, accounting for 44%, were likely the major anti-inflammatory monomers in FLs. In summary, FLA and FLE were proposed as the main anti-inflammatory active cyclopeptides via hindering TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways, suggesting the potential use of food-derived FLs as natural anti-inflammatory supplements in a daily diet.
Journal	Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
Volume Number	12
PubMed Central reference number	PMC10297071
Issue Number	12
PubMed reference number	37372610
e-ISSN	23048158
DOI	10.3390/foods12122398
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2023-06-16
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). © 2023 by the authors.
Subject Keyword	flaxseed linusorbs anti-inflammatory mechanism TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway raw 264.7 macrophage inflammatory cytokines
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Microbiology Health (social science) Health Professions Food Science Plant Science

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