Trace-Level Determination of Triazole Fungicides Using Effervescence-Assisted Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent Prior to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Kachangoon, Rawikan Vichapong, Jitlada Santaladchaiyakit, Yanawath Teshima, Norio
Copyright Year	2023
Abstract	A simple and sensitive preconcentration method, namely,effervescence-assistedliquid–liquid microextraction based on the ternary deep eutecticsolvent method, was developed for enrichment of triazole fungicideresidues prior to their determination by high-performance liquid chromatographycoupled with UV detection. In this method, a ternary deep eutecticsolvent (as extractant) was prepared by combination of octanoic acid,decanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid. The solution was well dispersedwith sodium bicarbonate (as effervescence powder) without using auxiliarydevices. In order to obtain relatively high extraction efficiency,analytical parameters were investigated and optimized. Under optimumconditions, the proposed method showed good linearity within the rangeof 1–1000 μg L–1 with a coefficientfor determination (R2) greater than 0.997.The low limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.3–1.0μg L–1. The precisions were assessed fromthe relative standard deviations (RSDs) of retention time and peakarea obtained from intra- (n = 3) and inter-day (n = 5 × 5) experiments, which were greater than 1.21and 4.79%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed method provided highenrichment factors ranging from 112 to 142 folds. A matrix-match calibrationmethod was used for analysis of real samples. Finally, the developedmethod was successfully applied for determination of the triazolefungicide in environmental water (near agricultural area), honey,and bean samples, and it represents a promising alternative methodfor analysis of triazoles. The recoveries of the studied triazoleswere obtained in the range of 82–106% with an RSD less than4.89.
Journal	ACS Omega
Volume Number	8
PubMed Central reference number	PMC10268287
Issue Number	23
PubMed reference number	37323407
e-ISSN	24701343
DOI	10.1021/acsomega.3c02919
Language	English
Publisher	American Chemical Society
Publisher Date	2023-06-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Permits non-commercial access and re-use, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained; but does not permit creation of adaptations or other derivative works (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Chemistry Chemical Engineering