How Extracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Reach Their Intracellular Targets in Plants.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Lee, Jinsu Han, Minsoo Shin, Yesol Lee, Jung-Min Heo, Geon Lee, Yuree
Copyright Year	2023
Abstract	Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as secondary messengers that regulate various developmental and signal transduction processes, with ROS primarily generated by NADPH OXIDASEs (referred to as RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGs [RBOHs] in plants). However, the types and locations of ROS produced by RBOHs are different from those expected to mediate intracellular signaling. RBOHs produce O2•− rather than H2O2 which is relatively long-lived and able to diffuse through membranes, and this production occurs outside the cell instead of in the cytoplasm, where signaling cascades occur. A widely accepted model explaining this discrepancy proposes that RBOH-produced extracellular O2•− is converted to H2O2 by superoxide dismutase and then imported by aquaporins to reach its cytoplasmic targets. However, this model does not explain how the specificity of ROS targeting is ensured while minimizing unnecessary damage during the bulk translocation of extracellular ROS (eROS). An increasing number of studies have provided clues about eROS action mechanisms, revealing various mechanisms for eROS perception in the apoplast, crosstalk between eROS and reactive nitrogen species, and the contribution of intracellular organelles to cytoplasmic ROS bursts. In this review, we summarize these recent advances, highlight the mechanisms underlying eROS action, and provide an overview of the routes by which eROS-induced changes reach the intracellular space.
ISSN	10168478
Journal	Molecules and Cells
Volume Number	46
PubMed Central reference number	PMC10258463
Issue Number	6
PubMed reference number	36799103
e-ISSN	02191032
DOI	10.14348/molcells.2023.2158
Language	English
Publisher	Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology
Publisher Date	2023-02-17
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ © The Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology. All rights reserved.
Subject Keyword	NADPH oxidase peroxidase reactive oxygen species receptor-like kinase superoxide dismutase
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Medicine Molecular Biology