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Immunomodulatory Effects of Cylindrospermopsin in Human T Cells and Monocytes.
| Content Provider | Europe PMC |
|---|---|
| Author | Casas-Rodríguez, Antonio Cebadero-Dominguez, Óscar Puerto, María Cameán, Ana María Jos, Angeles |
| Copyright Year | 2023 |
| Abstract | Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxin with an increasing occurrence, and therefore it is important to elucidate its toxicity profile. CYN has been classified as a cytotoxin, although the scientific literature has already revealed that it affects a wide range of organs and systems. However, research on its potential immunotoxicity is still limited. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of CYN on two human cell lines representative of the immune system: THP-1 (monocytes) and Jurkat (lymphocytes). CYN reduced cell viability, leading to mean effective concentrations (EC50 24 h) of 6.00 ± 1.04 µM and 5.20 ± 1.20 µM for THP-1 and Jurkat cells, respectively, and induced cell death mainly by apoptosis in both experimental models. Moreover, CYN decreased the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages after 48 h of exposure. In addition, an up-regulation of the mRNA expression of different cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 2, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ), was also observed mainly after 24 h exposure in both cell lines. However, only an increase in TNF-α in THP-1 supernatants was observed by ELISA. Overall, these results suggest the immunomodulatory activity of CYN in vitro. Therefore, further research is required to evaluate the impact of CYN on the human immune system. |
| Journal | Toxins (Basel) |
| Volume Number | 15 |
| PubMed Central reference number | PMC10146592 |
| Issue Number | 4 |
| PubMed reference number | 37104239 |
| e-ISSN | 20726651 |
| DOI | 10.3390/toxins15040301 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2023-04-20 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights License | Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). © 2023 by the authors. |
| Subject Keyword | cylindrospermopsin immunotoxicity THP-1 cells Jurkat cells in vitro toxicity |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Toxicology |
