NDLI: Growth and Decay of Fecal Indicator Bacteria and Changes in the Coliform Composition on the Top Surface Sand of Coastal Beaches during the Rainy Season.

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Growth and Decay of Fecal Indicator Bacteria and Changes in the Coliform Composition on the Top Surface Sand of Coastal Beaches during the Rainy Season.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Tamai, Soichiro Shimamoto, Hiroshi Nukazawa, Kei Suzuki, Yoshihiro
Editor	Tian, Renmao
Copyright Year	2023
Abstract	High counts of bacteria are present in beach sand, and human health threats attributable to contact with sand have been reported. In this study, we investigated fecal indicator bacteria in the top surface sand of coastal beaches. Monitoring investigations were performed during a monsoon when rainfall occurs randomly, and the composition of the coliforms was analyzed. The coliform count in the top surface sand (depth < 1 cm) increased by approximately 100 fold (26–2.23 × 103 CFU/100 g) with increasing water content because of precipitation. The composition of the coliforms in the top surface sand changed within 24 h of rainfall, with Enterobacter comprising more than 40% of the coliforms. Estimation of factors that changed the bacterial counts and composition revealed that coliform counts tended to increase with increasing water content in the top surface sand. However, the abundance of Enterobacter was independent of the sand surface temperature and water content. Coliform counts in the top surface sand rapidly increased and the composition showed remarkable variations because of the supply of water to the beach following rainfall. Among them, some bacteria with suspected pathogenicity were present. Controlling bacteria in coastal beaches is important for improving public health for beachgoers.
Journal	Microorganisms
Volume Number	11
PubMed Central reference number	PMC10145847
Issue Number	4
PubMed reference number	37110497
e-ISSN	20762607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms11041074
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2023-04-20
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). © 2023 by the authors.
Subject Keyword	beach fecal indicator bacteria microbiota coliform Enterobacter
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Microbiology Microbiology (medical) Virology

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