A Perspective on Current Flavivirus Vaccine Development: A Brief Review.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Dutta, Sudip Kumar Langenburg, Thomas
Editor	Yakob, Laith
Copyright Year	2023
Abstract	The flavivirus genus contains several clinically important pathogens that account for tremendous global suffering. Primarily transmitted by mosquitos or ticks, these viruses can cause severe and potentially fatal diseases ranging from hemorrhagic fevers to encephalitis. The extensive global burden is predominantly caused by six flaviviruses: dengue, Zika, West Nile, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitis. Several vaccines have been developed, and many more are currently being tested in clinical trials. However, flavivirus vaccine development is still confronted with many shortcomings and challenges. With the use of the existing literature, we have studied these hurdles as well as the signs of progress made in flavivirus vaccinology in the context of future development strategies. Moreover, all current licensed and phase-trial flavivirus vaccines have been gathered and discussed based on their vaccine type. Furthermore, potentially relevant vaccine types without any candidates in clinical testing are explored in this review as well. Over the past decades, several modern vaccine types have expanded the field of vaccinology, potentially providing alternative solutions for flavivirus vaccines. These vaccine types offer different development strategies as opposed to traditional vaccines. The included vaccine types were live-attenuated, inactivated, subunit, VLPs, viral vector-based, epitope-based, DNA and mRNA vaccines. Each vaccine type offers different advantages, some more suitable for flaviviruses than others. Additional studies are needed to overcome the barriers currently faced by flavivirus vaccine development, but many potential solutions are currently being explored.
Journal	Viruses
Volume Number	15
PubMed Central reference number	PMC10142581
Issue Number	4
PubMed reference number	37112840
e-ISSN	19994915
DOI	10.3390/v15040860
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2023-03-28
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). © 2023 by the authors.
Subject Keyword	flavivirus vaccines dengue Zika West Nile yellow fever Japanese encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitis clinical trials
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Infectious Diseases Virology