NDLI: The Multifaceted Role of Glutathione S-Transferases in Health and Disease.

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The Multifaceted Role of Glutathione S-Transferases in Health and Disease.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Mazari, Aslam M. A. Zhang, Leilei Ye, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Jie Tew, Kenneth D. Townsend, Danyelle M.
Editor	Mannervik, Bengt
Copyright Year	2023
Abstract	In humans, the cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) family of proteins is encoded by 16 genes presented in seven different classes. GSTs exhibit remarkable structural similarity with some overlapping functionalities. As a primary function, GSTs play a putative role in Phase II metabolism by protecting living cells against a wide variety of toxic molecules by conjugating them with the tripeptide glutathione. This conjugation reaction is extended to forming redox sensitive post-translational modifications on proteins: S-glutathionylation. Apart from these catalytic functions, specific GSTs are involved in the regulation of stress-induced signaling pathways that govern cell proliferation and apoptosis. Recently, studies on the effects of GST genetic polymorphisms on COVID-19 disease development revealed that the individuals with higher numbers of risk-associated genotypes showed higher risk of COVID-19 prevalence and severity. Furthermore, overexpression of GSTs in many tumors is frequently associated with drug resistance phenotypes. These functional properties make these proteins promising targets for therapeutics, and a number of GST inhibitors have progressed in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
Journal	Biomolecules
Volume Number	13
PubMed Central reference number	PMC10136111
Issue Number	4
PubMed reference number	37189435
e-ISSN	2218273X
DOI	10.3390/biom13040688
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2023-04-18
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). © 2023 by the authors.
Subject Keyword	Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) antioxidants cancer-cell signaling cell survival chemoresistance xenobiotic compounds metabolism GST inhibitors glutathionylation oxidative stress JNK apoptosis GST Polymorphism SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biochemistry Molecular Biology

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