Paper-based analytical devices for point-of-need applications.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Pradela-Filho, Lauro A. Veloso, William B. Arantes, Iana V. S. Gongoni, Juliana L. M. de Farias, Davi M. Araujo, Diele A. G. Paixão, Thiago R. L. C.
Abstract	Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) are powerful platforms for point-of-need testing since they are inexpensive devices fabricated in different shapes and miniaturized sizes, ensuring better portability. Additionally, the readout and detection systems can be accomplished with portable devices, allying with the features of both systems. These devices have been introduced as promising analytical platforms to meet critical demands involving rapid, reliable, and simple testing. They have been applied to monitor species related to environmental, health, and food issues. Herein, an outline of chronological events involving PADs is first reported. This work also introduces insights into fundamental parameters to engineer new analytical platforms, including the paper type and device operation. The discussions involve the main analytical techniques used as detection systems, such as colorimetry, fluorescence, and electrochemistry. It also showed recent advances involving PADs, especially combining optical and electrochemical detection into a single device. Dual/combined detection systems can overcome individual barriers of the analytical techniques, making possible simultaneous determinations, or enhancing the devices’ sensitivity and/or selectivity. In addition, this review reports on distance-based detection, which is also considered a trend in analytical chemistry. Distance-based detection offers instrument-free analyses and avoids user interpretation errors, which are outstanding features for analyses at the point of need, especially for resource-limited regions. Finally, this review provides a critical overview of the practical specifications of the recent analytical platforms involving PADs, demonstrating their challenges. Therefore, this work can be a highly useful reference for new research and innovation.Graphical Abstract
Related Links	https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC10089827&blobtype=pdf
ISSN	00263672
Journal	Mikrochimica Acta [Mikrochim Acta]
Volume Number	190
DOI	10.1007/s00604-023-05764-5
PubMed Central reference number	PMC10089827
Issue Number	5
PubMed reference number	37041400
e-ISSN	14365073
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Vienna
Publisher Date	2023-04-12
Publisher Place	Vienna
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
Subject Keyword	Paper-based analytical devices Colorimetry Fluorescence Electrochemistry Distance-based detection Dual/combined detectors
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Analytical Chemistry