Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftriaxone and Polyalthia longifolia Methanol (MEPL) Leaf Extract against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Modulation of mecA Gene Presence.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Ranjutha, Valiappan Chen, Yeng Al-Keridis, Lamya Ahmed Patel, Mitesh Alshammari, Nawaf Adnan, Mohd Sahreen, Sumaira Gopinath, Subash C. B. Sasidharan, Sreenivasan
Editor	Setzer, William N.
Copyright Year	2023
Abstract	Medicinal plants are an essential source of traditional curatives for numerous skin diseases. Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites (Annonaceae family) is a medicinal plant used to cure skin illnesses. P. longifolia is usually applied in folkloric therapeutical systems to treat skin diseases. The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria is among the essential bacteria contributing to skin diseases. Hence, to verify the traditional medicinal claim of P. longifolia usage in skin disease treatment, the current research was performed to study the synergistic antibacterial activity of standardized Polyalthia longifolia methanol leaf extract (MEPL) against MRSA bacteria. The synergistic antimicrobial activity result of ceftriaxone, when mixed with MEPL, against MRSA was investigated by the disc diffusion method, broth microdilution method, checkerboard dilution test, and modulation of mecA gene expression by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR). The MEPL extract exhibited good synergistic antimicrobial activity against MRSA. Using the checkerboard method, we confirmed the synergistic effect of MEPL from P. longifolia and ceftriaxone (2:1) for MRSA with a marked reduction of the MIC value of the ceftriaxone from 8000 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL. Moreover, the combination of MEPL with ceftriaxone significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the presence of the resistant mecA gene in the tested strain. The LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis identified compounds that were reported to exhibit antimicrobial activity. Conclusively, the MEPL extract, an important etiological agent for skin diseases, showed worthy synergistic antimicrobial action against MRSA bacteria, thus supporting the traditional use of P. longifolia.
Journal	Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
Volume Number	12
PubMed Central reference number	PMC10044657
Issue Number	3
PubMed reference number	36978344
e-ISSN	20796382
DOI	10.3390/antibiotics12030477
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2023-02-27
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). © 2023 by the authors.
Subject Keyword	ceftriaxone methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Polyalthia longifolia synergistic effect mecA gene multiplex PCR gene expression skin diseases
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biochemistry Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Microbiology Pharmacology (medical) Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)