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Data from: Monarch butterfly and milkweed declines substantially predate the use of genetically modified crops (Dataset)
| Content Provider | Dryad |
|---|---|
| Author | Boyle, John H. Dalgleish, Harmony J. Puzey, Joshua R. |
| Abstract | Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) decline over the past 25 years has received considerable public and scientific attention, in large part because its decline, and that of its milkweed (Asclepias spp.) host plant, have been linked to genetically modified (GM) crops and associated herbicide use. Here, we use museum and herbaria specimens to extend our knowledge of the dynamics of both monarchs and milkweeds in the United States to more than a century, from 1900 to 2016. We show that both monarchs and milkweeds increased during the early 20th century and that recent declines are actually part of a much longer-term decline in both monarchs and milkweed beginning around 1950. Herbicide-resistant crops, therefore, are clearly not the only culprit and, likely, not even the primary culprit: Not only did monarch and milkweed declines begin decades before GM crops were introduced, but other variables, particularly a decline in the number of farms, predict common milkweed trends more strongly over the period studied here. |
| File Size | 1377832076 |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 10916490 |
| DOI | 10.5061/dryad.sk37gd2 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/80765 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/80763 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/80766 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/80764 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher Date | 2019-02-11 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Asclepias Quadrifolia Anthropocene Pueraria Montana Genetically Modified Crops Multi-model Inference Asclepias Amplexicaulis Asclepias Tuberosa Asclepias Viridiflora Asclepias Speciosa Asclepias Asperula Danaus Plexippus Specimen Records Asclepias Incarnata Lythrum Salicaria Asclepias Syriaca Asclepias Verticillata Monarch Butterfly Asclepias Viridis Milkweed Microstegium Vimineum Tracheophyta Alliaria Petiolata |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Data Set |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
