NDLI: Integrating body and organ size in Drosophila: recent advances and outstanding problems

Content Provider	Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Author	Christen Kerry Mirth Alexander William Shingleton
Abstract	Over the past two decades, fundamental strides in physiology and genetics have allowed us to finally grasp the developmental mechanisms regulating body size, primarily in one model organism: the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In Drosophila, as in all animals, final body size is regulated by the rate and duration of growth. These studies have identified important roles for the insulin and the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathways in regulating the growth rate of the larva, the stage that determines final adult size. Furthermore, they have shown that the insulin/TOR pathway interacts with hormonal systems, like ecdysone and juvenile hormone, to regulate the timing of development and hence the duration of growth. This interaction allows the growing larvae to integrate cues from the environment with environmentally-sensitive developmental windows to ensure that optimal size and proportions are reached given the larval rearing conditions. Results from this work has opened up new avenues of studies, including how environmental cues are integrated to regulate developmental time and how organs maintain proportional growth. Other researchers interested in the evolution of body size are beginning to apply these results to studies of body size evolution and the generation of allometry. With these new findings, and with the developments to come, the field of size control finds itself in the fortunate position of finally being able to tackle century old questions of how organisms achieve final adult size and proportions. This review discusses the state of the art of size control from a Drosophila perspective, and outlines an approach to resolving outstanding issues.
e-ISSN	16642392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2012.00049
Journal	Frontiers in Endocrinology
Volume Number	3
Language	English
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Publisher Date	2012-01-01
Publisher Place	Switzerland
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Diseases of the Endocrine Glands. Clinical Endocrinology Ecdysone Developmental Timing Juvenile Hormone Environmental Effect On Body Size Genetics of Body Size and Proportions Growth Rates
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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