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| Content Provider | Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) |
|---|---|
| Author | Jung-Sun Cho Ju-Hyung Kang Ji-Young Um In-Hye Han Il-Ho Park Heung-Man Lee |
| Abstract | Nasal polyposis is characterized by persistent inflammation and remodeling in sinonasal mucosa. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role in the innate immune response to microbes in the sinonasal cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) and organ-cultured nasal polyps can synthesize pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a TLR4 agonist. NPDFs and organ-cultured nasal polyps were isolated from nasal polyps of 8 patients and exposed to LPS. The mRNA and protein expression levels of TLRs, cytokines, and MMPs were determined using a gene expression microarray, real-time RT-PCR, western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence staining. The enzymatic activities of MMPs were analyzed using collagen or gelatin zymography. The protein expression level of MMP-1 increased in nasal polyp tissues compared to inferior turbinate tissues. LPS induced mRNA expression of TLR4, IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-1 and activated MAPK signaling in NPDFs. LPS promoted the release of interleukin (IL)-6 through extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and IL-8 through ERK and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). Production of IL-6 and IL-8 was induced by PI3K/Akt signaling in LPS-stimulated NPDFs. LPS increased the transcript and protein expression levels of MMP-1 and induced collagenase activity of MMP-1 via ERK and p38, but did not induce gelatinase activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. LPS from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS) inhibited the stimulatory effects of LPS in NPDFs as well as in organ culture of nasal polyp. LPS triggers immune response via TLR 4 and activates MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which is involved in remodeling of nasal polyps. |
| e-ISSN | 19326203 |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0090683 |
| Journal | PLoS ONE |
| Issue Number | 11 |
| Volume Number | 9 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Publisher Date | 2014-01-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Medicine Science |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
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