NDLI: Soluble Fas Ligand Is Essential for Blister Formation in Pemphigus

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Author	Tiziana Petrachi Roberta Lotti En Shu Alessandra Marconi Elisabetta Palazzo Marika Quadri Ann Lin Lorraine A. O’Reilly Carlo Pincelli
Abstract	Pemphigus is a blistering disease characterized by pemphigus autoantibodies (PVIgG) directed mostly against desmogleins (Dsgs), resulting in the loss of keratinocyte adhesion (acantholysis). Yet, the mechanisms underlying blister formation remain to be clarified. We have shown previously that anti-Fas ligand (FasL) antibody (Ab) prevents PVIgG-induced caspase-8 activation and Dsg cleavage in human keratinocytes, and that sera from pemphigus patients contain abnormally increased levels of FasL. Here, we demonstrate that recombinant FasL induces the activation of caspases prior to Dsg degradation, and anti-FasL Ab prevents acantholysis in cultured keratinocytes. Moreover, the silencing of FasL reduces PVIgG-induced caspase-8 activation and Dsg3 cleavage. Following injection of PVIgG into mice, FasL is upregulated at 1–3 h and is followed by caspase-8-mediated keratinocyte apoptosis, before blister formation. The administration of anti-FasL Ab after PVIgG injection blocks blister formation in mice. Furthermore, we injected PVIgG into two different gene-targeted mutant mice that selectively lack either secreted soluble FasL (sFasL), FasLΔs/Δs mice, or the membrane-bound form of FasL (mFasL), FasLΔm/Δm mice. After PVIgG treatment, blisters are only visible in FasLΔm/Δm animals, lacking mFasL, but still producing sFasL, similar to wild-type (C57BL/6) animals. By contrast, a significant decrease in the relative acantholytic area is observed in the FasLΔs/Δs animals. These results demonstrate that soluble FasL plays a crucial role in the mechanisms of blister formation, and blockade of FasL could be an effective therapeutic approach for pemphigus.
e-ISSN	16643224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2018.00370
Journal	Frontiers in Immunology
Volume Number	9
Language	English
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Publisher Date	2018-02-01
Publisher Place	Switzerland
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Immunologic Diseases. Allergy Pemphigus Fas Ligand Apoptosis Keratinocytes Autoantibodies Cell Adhesion
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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