NDLI: Multi-pumped raman amplifier for long-haul uw-wdm optical communication systems: gain flatness and bandwidth enhancements.

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Multi-pumped raman amplifier for long-haul uw-wdm optical communication systems: gain flatness and bandwidth enhancements.

Content Provider	CiteSeerX
Author	Mustafa, Fathy M. Khalaf, Ashraf A. M. Elgeldawy, F. A.
Abstract	Abstract — Fiber Raman amplifiers in ultra wideband wavelength division multiplexing (UW-WDM) systems have recently received much more attention because of their greatly extended bandwidth and distributed amplification with the installed fiber as gain medium. It has been shown that the bandwidth of the amplifier can be further increased and gain spectrum can be tailored by using pumping with multiple wavelengths. In this paper, the distributed multipumping Raman amplifier has been studied and analyzed by testing two designed models of amplifier to obtain the gain of maximum flatness and bandwidth. Also we have investigated the effects of many parameters on the gain and bandwidth of Raman amplifier such as: pumping wavelength, offset wavelength, the relative refractive index difference and the number and location of the cascaded units used in the amplifier model design. The gain is computed over the spectral optical wavelengths (1.45μm ≤ λ signal ≤ 1.65μm). The differential gain of each unit of the amplifier is obtained according to the straight line-exponential model of a small maximum constant gain of 7.4×10-14 m/W over an optical wavelength interval of 16 nm. Keywords—Distributed multi-pumping Raman amplifier (DMRA), Raman gain, ultra wideband-wavelength division
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Subject Keyword	Long-haul Uw-wdm Optical Communication System Multi-pumped Raman Amplifier Bandwidth Enhancement Small Maximum Constant Gain Designed Model Multiple Wavelength Straight Line-exponential Model Optical Wavelength Interval Ultra Wideband-wavelength Division Distributed Multipumping Raman Amplifier Raman Gain Maximum Flatness Installed Fiber Differential Gain Cascaded Unit Amplifier Model Design Abstract Fiber Raman Amplifier Spectral Optical Wavelength Relative Refractive Index Difference Pumping Wavelength Multi-pumping Raman Amplifier Gain Medium Many Parameter Raman Amplifier Ultra Wideband Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Content Type	Text

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