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Rural off-farm incomes in Myanmar’s dry zone
| Content Provider | Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) |
|---|---|
| Author | Zu, Aye Myint Khine, Htet Htet Win, Khin Zin Kyaw, Sithu |
| Organization | IFPRI - Development Strategy and Governance Division |
| Organization | IFPRI - Feed the Future |
| Spatial Coverage | Myanmar [MM] |
| Description | Our study offers the following important findings relating to off-farm incomes in the Dry Zone: 1. Off-farm activities are a major source of income. Only 31% of Dry Zone income is generated directly from farming; off-farm self-employment is equally as important. Non-farm enterprises account for 20% of income, and remittances 15%. 2. Agriculture is central to rural employment. Fiftyeight percent of working-age individuals consider farming or agricultural labor to be their primary occupation, and agricultural labor is by far the most important secondary occupation. 3. Women and men work off-farm in similar numbers, but men earn higher wages. The gender wage gap is most pronounced in casual employment. There is less gender disparity in wages for non-farm work than for on-farm work. 58% of non-farm enterprises are run by women. 4. Non-farm enterprises are growing rapidly. Since 2011, the numbers of retail stores more than doubled, agricultural trading and processing trebled, and rental services providers more than quadrupled. Non-farm income is the most important source of startup capital for these businesses. 5. Most of businesses are self-operated microenterprises. The vast majority hire no labor. The rural non-farm economy is not yet a major provider of jobs, other than to business proprietors themselves. |
| Sponsorship | United States Agency for International Development Livelihoods and Food Security Fund, Myanmar Mitsubishi International Corporation |
| Related Links | https://cgspace.cgiar.org/items/cb4ecbd2-0103-44ca-9844-a2a66a8233f1 |
| File Format | |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Michigan State University |
| Publisher Date | 2017-01-01 |
| Publisher Place | East Lansing, MI |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Rural Population Rural Economics Nonfarm Income Employment Households Arid Zones Enterprises Agriculture Off-farm Employment Remuneration Gender Equity Agricultural Workers |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Report |
| Subject | Agronomy and Crop Science Food Science Plant Science |
