NDLI: A Rail Mounted Ultrasonic Sensor for Contact Patch Measurement

Content Provider	The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Digital Collection
Author	Dwyer-Joyce, R. S. Lewis, R. Drinkwater, B. W. Zhang, J. Yao, C.
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	Failure of a wheel/rail contact is usually by wear or fatigue and both of these depend on the size and location of the contact patch. One contact measuring approach that shows promise is by the use of ultrasonic reflection. If the wheel and rail surfaces make contact and are under high stress they are more likely to transmit an ultrasonic pulse. However, if there is no contact or the contact is under low stress then the wave is completely or partially reflected. By measuring the proportion of the wave reflected it is possible to deduce the extent of the contact area and also estimate the pressure distribution. In previous work [1] static specimens of wheel and rail were measured by scanning a transducer to build up a 2D map of the contact. Whilst this produced good results and agreed well with contact modeling, it is a time consuming process (typically takes 30 minutes for a scan) and could in no way be used for the measurement on-line. In this paper we describe a method that potentially could be used at line speeds and so provide wheel rail contact measurements in field trials. The 2D scan is achieved by using an array transducer that performs a simultaneous line scan. This coupled with the speed of travel of the contact patch over the sensor location can achieve a map of the contact. Specimens were cut from wheel and rail sections and loaded together hydraulically in a biaxial frame. An array transducer was mounted beneath the rail specimen. The array transducer consisted of 64 ultrasonic elements that may be pulsed independently, simultaneously, or with controlled phase difference. In this work all transducers were pulsed simultaneously at repetition rates of 20 kHz. The signals were reflected back from the contact to effectively produce a line scan. The transducer was physically moved, to simulate the translation of the contact patch and so generate a series of reflection profiles. Contacts under a range of normal and lateral loads have been measured and compared with some simple results using pre-inked paper. The paper concludes with a discussion of how this array measurement procedure might be implemented at full line sped and what accuracy could potentially be achieved.
Sponsorship	Rail Transportation Division
Starting Page	125
Ending Page	130
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0791848124
DOI	10.1115/JRC2008-63032
e-ISBN	0791838161
Conference Proceedings	IEEE/ASME/ASCE 2008 Joint Rail Conference
Language	English
Publisher Date	2008-04-22
Publisher Place	Wilmington, Delaware, USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Transducers Wheels Fatigue Reflection Waves Pressure Stress Rails Ultrasonic transducers Contact modeling Wear Sensors Signals Failure
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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