NDLI: Trade-Off Between Energy Consumption and Utility Cost in the Optimal Control of Active and Passive Building Thermal Storage Inventory

Content Provider	The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Digital Collection
Author	Gregor, P. Henze
Copyright Year	2004
Abstract	In contrast to building energy conversion equipment, less improvement has been achieved in thermal energy distribution, storage and control systems in terms of energy efficiency and peak load reduction potential. Cooling of commercial buildings contributes significantly to the peak demand placed on an electrical utility grid. Time-of-use electricity rates are designed to encourage shifting of electrical loads to off-peak periods at night and weekends. Buildings can respond to these pricing signals by shifting cooling-related thermal loads either by precooling the building’s massive structure (passive storage) or by using active thermal energy storage systems such as ice storage. Recent theoretical and experimental work showed that the simultaneous utilization of active and passive building thermal storage inventory can save significant amounts of utility costs to the building operator, yet in many cases at the expense of increased electrical energy consumption. This article investigates an approach to ensure that a commercial building utilizing both thermal batteries does not incur excessive energy consumption. The model-based predictive building controller is modified to trade off energy cost against energy consumption. This work shows that buildings can be operated in a demand-responsive fashion to substantially reduce utility costs, however, at the expense of increased energy consumption. Placing a greater emphasis on energy consumption led to a reduction in the savings potential. In the limiting case of energy-optimal control, the reference control was replicated, i.e., if only energy consumption is of concern, neither active nor passive building thermal storage should be utilized. On the other hand, cost-optimal control suggests strongly utilizing both thermal storage inventories.
Sponsorship	Solar Energy Division
Starting Page	111
Ending Page	119
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0791837475
DOI	10.1115/ISEC2004-65108
Volume Number	Solar Energy
Conference Proceedings	ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference
Language	English
Publisher Date	2004-07-11
Publisher Place	Portland, Oregon, USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Energy consumption Cooling Peak load Control equipment Thermal energy storage Control systems Ice Stress Thermal energy Storage Optimal control Tradeoffs Commercial construction Energy conversion Structures Energy efficiency Signals
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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