NDLI: Development and Testing of a Small-Scale Collins Type Cryocooler

Content Provider	The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Digital Collection
Author	Hannon, C. L. Krass, B. J. Gerstmann, J. Chaudhry, G. Brisson, J. G. Smith, J. L.
Copyright Year	2004
Abstract	Future spacecraft cooling and sensing systems will require advanced multi-stage cryocoolers capable of providing continuous cooling at multiple temperature levels ranging from 10K to 95K. A multi-stage 10K cryocooler is under development that applies modern microelectronic sophistication to achieve high efficiency in a reliable, compact design. The cryocooler is based upon a novel modification of the Collins cycle, a cycle commonly used in many high-efficiency terrestrial cryogenic machines. Innovations of the design include floating piston expanders and electromagnetic smart valves, which eliminate the need for mechanical linkages and thereby reduce the input power, size, and weight of the cryocooler in an affordable modular design. The floating piston expander and smart valves have been successfully developed in room temperature experiments using a series of proof-of-concept component prototypes. These experiments have resulted in a new warm-end configuration with improved expansion power dissipation and a new cryogenic valve design that reduces expander clearance volume and improves cold-end integration. A sophisticated LabView based control algorithm was developed over the course of the room temperature experiments that enables electronic control of the expansion cycle. Software based control will enable variable valve timing and adaptive control logic. This will result in a cryocooler with rapid cool-down and transient response capabilities as well as the ability to operate at high efficiency at arbitrary steady state load points. In parallel to this effort, a manufacturing method was developed to enable production of very long continuous lengths of small bore finned tubing. This tubing is used in the highly effective recuperative heat exchanger associated with each stage of the cryocooler. An engineering prototype has been designed that integrates the floating piston expander and recuperative heat exchanger as a functional cryocooler. The engineering prototype has been assembled and is currently undergoing development testing. This paper will present the results of the room temperature component development testing, the design of the engineering prototype, the results of initial engineering prototype development testing, and the direction of future development.
Sponsorship	Advanced Energy Systems Division
Starting Page	423
Ending Page	430
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0791847012
DOI	10.1115/IMECE2004-60388
Volume Number	Advanced Energy Systems
Conference Proceedings	ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition
Language	English
Publisher Date	2004-11-13
Publisher Place	Anaheim, California, USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Linkages Cycles Temperature Cooling Computer software Clearances (engineering) Valves Heat exchangers Adaptive control Machinery Steady state Stress Transients (dynamics) Design Pistons Space vehicles Tubing Energy dissipation Weight (mass) Control algorithms Manufacturing Engineering prototypes Testing
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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