NDLI: Radioactive Waste Evaporation: Current Methodologies Employed for the Development, Design and Operation of Waste Evaporators at the Savannah River Site and Hanford Waste Treatment Plant

Content Provider	The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Digital Collection
Author	Calloway, T. Bond Christopher, J. Martino Carol, M. Jantzen William, R. Wilmarth Michael, E. Stone Robert, A. Pierce Jamal, E. Josephs Carl, D. Barnes William, E. Daniel Russell, E. Eibling Alexander, S. Choi Thomas, L. White David, A. Crowley Mark, A. Baich Jermaine, D. Johnson Vijayaraghavan, Krishna Nikolov, Alex Darsh, T. Wasan
Copyright Year	2003
Abstract	Evaporation of High Level and Low Activity (HLW & LAW) radioactive wastes for the purposes of radionuclide separation and volume reduction has been conducted at the Savannah River and Hanford Sites for more than forty years. Additionally, the Savannah River Site (SRS) has used evaporators in preparing HLW for immobilization into a borosilicate glass matrix. The Hanford River Protection Project (RPP) is in the process of building the world’s largest radioactive waste treatment facility, Waste Treatment Plant (WTP), which will use evaporators to concentrate the liquid waste and plant recycles prior to immobilization into a borosilicate glass matrix. Radioactive waste is evaporated at each site using various evaporator designs (e.g., forced circulation, horizontal bent tube). While the equipment used to evaporate radioactive waste is relatively simple in design, the complexity in the evaporator processes in current service and in those currently in the design stages stems from the heterogeneous nature of the waste and the effects of seemingly minor components (e.g., Si) on the process. Aqueous electrolyte thermodynamic modeling and experiments have been conducted by the SRS Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) in support of the SRS HLW and Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Evaporators and the Hanford RPP WTP. After 40 years of successful operation, accumulation of two solid phases (a nitrated aluminosilicate, Na8AL6Si6O24(NO3)2•4H2O and sodium diuranate, Na2U2O7) developed as an insoluble phase in the Savannah River Site (SRS) 2H evaporator in 1996. The aluminosilicate scale deposit caused the SRS 2-H evaporator to become completely inoperable by October 1999. Accumulation of the sodium diuranate phase on the aluminosilicate scale has caused criticality concerns. Modeling and experiments were conducted to develop a method to control the process chemistry in order to prevent the formation of aluminosilicate deposits in the future. The lessons learned from the development, design, and operation of the SRS waste treatment facilities and the currently operating 242-A Hanford HLW evaporators were applied by SRTC in support of the development and design of the Hanford WTP evaporators. Thermodynamic equilibrium modeling along with solubility and physical property experiments are being conducted to develop process control and flow sheet models. Additionally, lessons learned from the development of an advanced antifoam agent for the SRS vitrification process evaporators are being applied to the testing and development of an antifoam agent for the Hanford WTP evaporators. This paper will discuss the methodologies, results, and achievements of the SRTC evaporator development program that was conducted in support of the SRS and Hanford WTP evaporator processes. The “cross-pollination” and application of waste treatment technologies and methods between the Savannah River and Hanford Sites will be highlighted. The “cross-pollination” of technologies and methods is expected to benefit the Department of Energy’s Mission Acceleration efforts by reducing the overall cost and time for the development of the baseline waste treatment processes.
Sponsorship	Nuclear Engineering Division and Environmental Engineering Division
Starting Page	157
Ending Page	170
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0791837327
DOI	10.1115/ICEM2003-4515
e-ISBN	0791837319
Volume Number	9th ASME International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation: Volumes 1, 2, and 3
Conference Proceedings	ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation
Language	English
Publisher Date	2003-09-21
Publisher Place	Oxford, England
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Radioactive wastes Waste treatment Equilibrium (physics) Process control Vitrification Radioisotopes Evaporation Rivers Heat resistant glass Separation (technology) Modeling Flow (dynamics) Design Chemistry Defense industry Incrustations Sodium Waste treatment facilities Electrolytes Borosilicate glasses Testing
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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