NDLI: A Highly Efficient Combined Cycle Fossil and Biomass Fuel Cell Power Generation and Hydrogen Production Plant With Zero CO2 Emission

Content Provider	The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Digital Collection
Author	Steinberg, Meyer
Copyright Year	2004
Abstract	An advanced combined cycle for fossil and biomass fuel power generation and hydrogen production is described. An electric arc hydrogen plasma black reactor (HPBR) decomposes the carbonaceous fuel (natural gas, oil, coal and biomass) to elemental carbon and hydrogen. When coal and biomass feedstocks are used, the contained oxygen converts to carbon monoxide. Any ash and sulfur present are separated and removed. The elemental carbon is fed to a molten carbonate direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) to produce electrical power, part of which is fed back to power the hydrogen plasma. The hydrogen produced is used in a solid oxide fuel (SOFC) cell for power generation and the remaining high temperature energy in a back-end steam Rankine cycle (SRC) for additional power. Any CO formed is converted to hydrogen using a water gas shift reactor. The plasma reactor is 60% process efficient, the direct carbon fuel cell is up to 90% thermally efficient, the solid oxide fuel cell is 56% efficient and the steam Rankine cycle is 38% efficient. Depending on the feedstock, the combined cycles have efficiencies ranging from over 70% to exceeding 80% based on the higher heating value of the feedstock and are thus twice as high as conventional plants. The CO2 emissions are proportionately reduced. Since the CO2 from the direct carbon fuel cell and the water gas shift is highly concentrated, the CO2 can be sequestered to reduce emission to zero with much less energy loss than required by conventional plants. Alternatively, the combined cycle plants can produce hydrogen for the FreedomCAR program in combination with electrical power production at total thermal efficiencies greater than obtained with fossil fuel reforming and gasification plants producing hydrogen alone.
Sponsorship	Nanotechnology Institute
Starting Page	401
Ending Page	408
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0791841650
DOI	10.1115/FUELCELL2004-2498
Volume Number	2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology
Conference Proceedings	ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology
Language	English
Publisher Date	2004-06-14
Publisher Place	Rochester, New York, USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Water Solid oxide fuel cells Hydrogen Carbon dioxide Feedstock Biomass High temperature Fuels Plasmas (ionized gases) Electricity (physics) Energy dissipation Fuel cells Coal Energy generation Direct carbon fuel cells Fuel gasification Sulfur Combined cycle power stations Electric arcs Oxygen Combined cycles Carbon Emissions Heating Rankine cycle Steam Steam reforming Thermal efficiency Hydrogen production Natural gas
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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