NDLI: Positional language models for information retrieval

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Context-aware query classification

Web searching for daily living

Efficient query expansion for advertisement search

Addressing morphological variation in alphabetic languages

Risky business: modeling and exploiting uncertainty in information retrieval

A statistical comparison of tag and query logs

Compressing term positions in web indexes

A classification-based approach to question answering in discussion boards

On social networks and collaborative recommendation

Building enriched document representations using aggregated anchor text

Learning to rank for quantity consensus queries

Named entity recognition in query

A proximity language model for information retrieval

Sources of evidence for vertical selection

Entropy-biased models for query representation on the click graph

Predicting user interests from contextual information

Combining audio content and social context for semantic music discovery

Quantifying performance and quality gains in distributed web search engines

On rank correlation and the distance between rankings

On the local optimality of LambdaRank

Placing flickr photos on a map

Including summaries in system evaluation

The wisdom of the few: a collaborative filtering approach based on expert opinions from the web

Query side evaluation: an empirical analysis of effectiveness and effort

The impact of crawl policy on web search effectiveness

Spam filter evaluation with imprecise ground truth

AdOn: an intelligent overlay video advertising system

EvaluatIR: an online tool for evaluating and comparing IR systems

Context-based health information retrieval

An interdisciplinary perspective on information retrieval

Refined experts: improving classification in large taxonomies

Global ranking by exploiting user clicks

Query dependent pseudo-relevance feedback based on wikipedia

Web derived pronunciations for spoken term detection

Approximating true relevance distribution from a mixture model based on irrelevance data

Simultaneously modeling semantics and structure of threaded discussions: a sparse coding approach and its applications

Brute force and indexed approaches to pairwise document similarity comparisons with MapReduce

Ranking community answers by modeling question-answer relationships via analogical reasoning

Learning to recommend with social trust ensemble

Using anchor texts with their hyperlink structure for web search

Learning in a pairwise term-term proximity framework for information retrieval

A 2-poisson model for probabilistic coreference of named entities for improved text retrieval

Positional language models for information retrieval

Adaptation of offline vertical selection predictions in the presence of user feedback

Click-through prediction for news queries

A comparison of query and term suggestion features for interactive searching

Automatic video tagging using content redundancy

SUSHI: scoring scaled samples for server selection

Score adjustment for correction of pooling bias

Document selection methodologies for efficient and effective learning-to-rank

An automatic translation of tags for multimedia contents using folksonomy networks

When more is less: the paradox of choice in search engine use

Personalized tag recommendation using graph-based ranking on multi-type interrelated objects

Reducing long queries using query quality predictors

Optimizing search engine revenue in sponsored search

Telling experts from spammers: expertise ranking in folksonomies

Agreement among statistical significance tests for information retrieval evaluation at varying sample sizes

Expertise search in academia using facets

Modeling uncertainty in video retrieval: a retrieval model for uncertain semantic representations of videos

From networks to human behavior

Dynamicity vs. effectiveness: studying online clustering for scatter/gather

Good abandonment in mobile and PC internet search

Segment-level display time as implicit feedback: a comparison to eye tracking

Combining LVCSR and vocabulary-independent ranked utterance retrieval for robust speech search

Portfolio theory of information retrieval

Enhancing cluster labeling using wikipedia

Efficiency trade-offs in two-tier web search systems

A syntactic tree matching approach to finding similar questions in community-based qa services

Fast nonparametric matrix factorization for large-scale collaborative filtering

Link analysis for private weighted graphs

Robust sparse rank learning for non-smooth ranking measures

Mining employment market via text block detection and adaptive cross-domain information extraction

A bayesian learning approach to promoting diversity in ranking for biomedical information retrieval

A probabilistic topic-based ranking framework for location-sensitive domain information retrieval

Smoothing clickthrough data for web search ranking

An aspectual interface for supporting complex search tasks

CompositeMap: a novel framework for music similarity measure

Effective query expansion for federated search

Towards methods for the collective gathering and quality control of relevance assessments

An improved markov random field model for supporting verbose queries

CrowdReranking: exploring multiple search engines for visual search reranking

Where to stop reading a ranked list?: threshold optimization using truncated score distributions

Leveraging sources of collective wisdom on the web for discovering technology synergies

Extracting structured information from user queries with semi-supervised conditional random fields

Web-derived resources for web information retrieval: from conceptual hierarchies to attribute hierarchies

Detecting spammers and content promoters in online video social networks

Annotation of URLs: more than the sum of parts

Exploiting social context for expertise propagation

Toponym ambiguity in geographical information retrieval

Automatic URL completion and prediction using fuzzy type-ahead search

Social networks and discovery in the enterprise (SaND)

Exploiting temporal information in retrieval of archived documents

Beyond session segmentation: predicting changes in search intent with client-side user interactions

Sifting micro-blogging stream for events of user interest

Using document structure for automatic summarization

Blog distillation using random walks

Incentives for social annotation

Topic structure for information retrieval

A case for improved evaluation of query difficulty prediction

Accommodating colorblind users in image search

Using computational community interest as an indicator for ranking

Characterizing the subjectivity of topics

Generic similarity search engine demonstrated by an image retrieval application

Affective adaptive retrieval: study of emotion in adaptive retrieval

Classifying library catalogue by author profiling

Pharos: an audiovisual search platform

A study on performance volatility in information retrieval

Cluster-based query expansion

Agate: information gathering for risk monitoring

Novelty detection across different source types and languages

Comparing both relevance and robustness in selection of web ranking functions

wikiSearch: enabling interactivity in search

Personalizing information retrieval using task features, topic knowledge, and task product

A comparison of retrieval-based hierarchical clustering approaches to person name disambiguation

CDPRanking: discovering and ranking cross-document paths between entities

Exploiting memory cues in personal lifelog retrieval

Compression-based document length prior for language models

Concept representation based video indexing

Context transfer in search advertising

Counting ancestors to estimate authority

Cross language name matching

Deep versus shallow judgments in learning to rank

Developing energy efficient filtering systems

Enhancing topical ranking with preferences from click-through data

Equivalence between nonnegative tensor factorization and tensorial probabilistic latent semantic analysis

The ESA retrieval model revisited

Estimating query performance using class predictions

Evaluating effects of machine translation accuracy on cross-lingual patent retrieval

Evaluating web search using task completion time

An evaluation of entity and frequency based query completion methods

Evolutionary document summarization for disaster management

Experiments in CLIR using fuzzy string search based on surface similarity

Feature selection for automatic taxonomy induction

Finding advertising keywords on video scripts

Fitting score distribution for blog opinion retrieval

A graph-based approach to mining multilingual word associations from wikipedia

Has adhoc retrieval improved since 1994?

High precision retrieval using relevance-flow graph

Identifying the original contribution of a document via language modeling

The importance of manual assessment in link discovery

Improving search relevance for implicitly temporal queries

Improving user confidence in cultural heritage aggregated results

Incorporating prior knowledge into a transductive ranking algorithm for multi-document summarization

Integrating clusters created offline with query-specific clusters for document retrieval

Integrating phrase inseparability in phrase-based model

Is spam an issue for opinionated blog post search?

Is this urgent?: exploring time-sensitive information needs in collaborative question answering

It pays to be picky: an evaluation of thread retrieval in online forums

Knowledge transformation for cross-domain sentiment classification

K-tree: large scale document clustering

A latent topic model for linked documents

Measuring constraint violations in information retrieval

Measuring the descriptiveness of web comments

Mining product reviews based on shallow dependency parsing

Modeling facial expressions and peripheral physiological signals to predict topical relevance

Modeling search response time

Multiclass VisualRank: image ranking method in clustered subsets based on visual features

Multiple approaches to analysing query diversity

Multiview clustering: a late fusion approach using latent models

On efficient posting list intersection with multicore processors

On perfect document rankings for expert search

On single-pass indexing with MapReduce

On the relative age of spam and ham training samples for email filtering

Page hunt: improving search engines using human computation games

Personalized music emotion recognition

Predicting stopping behaviour: a preliminary analysis

Protein identification as an information retrieval problem

Query sampling for ranking learning in web search

A ranking approach to keyphrase extraction

Reciprocal rank fusion outperforms condorcet and individual rank learning methods

Relevance criteria for e-commerce: a crowdsourcing-based experimental analysis

A relevance model based filter for improving ad quality

A relevance-based topic model for news event tracking

Revisiting logical imaging for information retrieval

A robust retrieval system of polyphonic music based on chord progression similarity

Score and rank convergence of HITS

A search engine in a few lines.: yes, we can!

Search engine predilection towards news media providers

Searching documentation using text, OCR, and image

Selecting hierarchical clustering cut points for web person-name disambiguation

Serendipitous search via wikipedia: a query log analysis

Spoken information retrieval for turkish broadcast news

A study of inter-annotator agreement for opinion retrieval

SugarCube: quantification of topic propagation in the blogosphere using percolation theory

System scoring using partial prior information

Tag-based object similarity computation using term space dimension reduction

Tagging products using image classification

Template-independent wrapper for web forums

Temporal collaborative filtering with adaptive neighbourhoods

Temporal query substitution for ad search

Term-based commercial intent analysis

Topic (query) selection for IR evaluation

Topic prerogative feature selection using multiple query examples for automatic video retrieval

Topic set size redux

Transforming patents into prior-art queries

Two-stage query segmentation for information retrieval

Undergraduates' evaluations of assigned search topics

A unified inverted index for an efficient image and text retrieval

Usefulness of click-through data in expert search

User-centric multi-criteria information retrieval

Users' stopping behaviors and estimates of recall

Using dynamic markov compression to detect vandalism in the wikipedia

Using wikipedia categories for ad hoc search

Visualizing the problems with the INEX topics

What queries are likely to recur in web search?

When is query performance prediction effective?

Who said what to whom?: capturing the structure of debates

Positional language models for information retrieval

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Zhai, ChengXiang Lv, Yuanhua
Abstract	Although many variants of language models have been proposed for information retrieval, there are two related retrieval heuristics remaining "external" to the language modeling approach: (1) proximity heuristic which rewards a document where the matched query terms occur close to each other; (2) passage retrieval which scores a document mainly based on the best matching passage. Existing studies have only attempted to use a standard language model as a "black box" to implement these heuristics, making it hard to optimize the combination parameters. In this paper, we propose a novel positional language model (PLM) which implements both heuristics in a unified language model. The key idea is to define a language model for each position of a document, and score a document based on the scores of its PLMs. The PLM is estimated based on propagated counts of words within a document through a proximity-based density function, which both captures proximity heuristics and achieves an effect of "soft" passage retrieval. We propose and study several representative density functions and several different PLM-based document ranking strategies. Experiment results on standard TREC test collections show that the PLM is effective for passage retrieval and performs better than a state-of-the-art proximity-based retrieval model.
Starting Page	299
Ending Page	306
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781605584836
DOI	10.1145/1571941.1571994
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	2009-07-19
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Positional language models Proximity Passage retrieval
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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