NDLI: Client-CASH: Protecting Master Passwords against Offline Attacks

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Client-CASH: Protecting Master Passwords against Offline Attacks

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Sridhar, Anirudh Blocki, Jeremiah
Abstract	Offline attacks on passwords are increasingly commonplace and dangerous. An offline adversary is limited only by the amount of computational resources he or she is willing to invest to crack a user's password. The danger is compounded by the existence of authentication servers who fail to adopt proper password storage practices like key-stretching. Password managers can help mitigate these risks by adopting key stretching procedures like hash iteration or memory hard functions to derive site specific passwords from the user's master password on the client-side. While key stretching can reduce the offline adversary's success rate, these procedures also increase computational costs for a legitimate user. Motivated by the observation that most of the password guesses of the offline adversary will be incorrect, we propose a client side cost asymmetric secure hashing scheme (clientcash). clientcash~randomizes the runtime of client-side key stretching procedure in a way that the expected computational cost of our key derivation function is greater when run with an incorrect master password. We make several contributions. First, we show how to introduce randomness into a client-side key stretching algorithms through the use of halting predicates which are selected randomly at the time of account creation. Second, we formalize the problem of finding the optimal running time distribution subject to certain cost constraints for the client and certain security constrains on the halting predicates. Finally, we demonstrate that Client-CASH can reduce the adversary's success rate by up to 21%. These results demonstrate the promise of the Client-CASH mechanism.
Starting Page	165
Ending Page	176
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781450342339
DOI	10.1145/2897845.2897876
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	2016-05-30
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Client-side key-stretching Offline attacks Master passwords Cost asymmetric secure hash
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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