NDLI: Thermostat: Application-transparent Page Management for Two-tiered Main Memory

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Thermostat: Application-transparent Page Management for Two-tiered Main Memory

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Agarwal, Neha Wenisch, Thomas F.
Abstract	The advent of new memory technologies that are denser and cheaper than commodity DRAM has renewed interest in two-tiered main memory schemes. Infrequently accessed application data can be stored in such memories to achieve significant memory cost savings. Past research on two-tiered main memory has assumed a 4KB page size. However, 2MB huge pages are performance critical in cloud applications with large memory footprints, especially in virtualized cloud environments, where nested paging drastically increases the cost of 4KB page management. We present Thermostat, an application-transparent huge-page-aware mechanism to place pages in a dual-technology hybrid memory system while achieving both the cost advantages of two-tiered memory and performance advantages of transparent huge pages. We present an online page classification mechanism that accurately classifies both 4KB and 2MB pages as hot or cold while incurring no observable performance overhead across several representative cloud applications. We implement Thermostat in Linux kernel version 4.5 and evaluate its effectiveness on representative cloud computing workloads running under KVM virtualization. We emulate slow memory with performance characteristics approximating near-future high-density memory technology and show that Thermostat migrates up to 50% of application footprint to slow memory while limiting performance degradation to 3%, thereby reducing memory cost up to 30%.
Starting Page	631
Ending Page	644
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781450344654
DOI	10.1145/3037697.3037706
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	2017-04-04
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Cloud computing Operating systems
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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