NDLI: Latency effects on reachability in large-scale peer-to-peer networks

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Compact routing schemes

Routing without flow control

Fast, minimal and oblivious routing algorithms on the mesh with bounded queues

One-to-Many routing on the mesh

Simple on-line algorithms for the maximum disjoint paths problem

Stability and non-stability of the FIFO protocol

Competitve buffer management for shared-memory switches

Tradeoffs between knowledge and time of communication in geometric radio networks

Attack propagation in networks

Deterministic resource discovery in distributed networks

Latency effects on reachability in large-scale peer-to-peer networks

Towards a first vertical prototyping of an extremely fine-grained parallel programming approach

A cost effective architecture for vectorizable numerical and multimedia applications

Automatable verification of sequential consistency

Room synchronizations

A simple, fast and scalable non-blocking concurrent FIFO queue for shared memory multiprocessor systems

Computational power of pipelined memory hierarchies

Optimal semi-oblique tiling

Finding large independent sets of hypergraphs in parallel

Columnsort lives! an efficient out-of-core sorting program

Efficient parallel exponentiation in GF(2n) using normal basis representations

Low-contention depth-first scheduling of parallel computations with write-once synchronization variables

Scheduling on hierarchical clusters using malleable tasks

Scheduling best-effort and real-time pipelined applications on time-shared clusters

Optimal prefetching and caching for parallel I/O sytems

Ordering disks for double erasure codes

Approximation algorithms for data management in networks

A data tracking scheme for general networks

New spectral bounds on k-partitioning of graphs

Efficient quantum algorithms for some instances of the non-Abelian hidden subgroup problem

Towards practical deteministic write-all algorithms

Estimating simple functions on the union of data streams

Randomized k-set agreement

Periodic, random-fault-tolerant correction networks

D-CAT: A distributed channel allocation strategy based on a threshold scheme for cellular mobile networks

A note on cycle covering

Pursuit and evasion on a ring: An infinite hierarchy for parallel real—time systems

Scheduling tasks with small communication delays for clusters of processors

Library support for orthogonal processor groups

The push tree problem

Parallel controlled conspiracy number search

On tiling space-time mapped loop nests

A parallel block algorithm for exact triangularization of rectangular matrices

Eventually consistent failure detectors

Finding strongly connected components in parallel in particle transport sweeps

A work-optimal CGM algorithm for the LIS problem

Modeling weakly consistent memories with locks

The power of duality for prefetching and sorting with parallel disks

Latency effects on reachability in large-scale peer-to-peer networks

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Annexstein, Fred S. Jovanović, Mihajlo A. Berman, Kenneth A.
Abstract	In this paper we study the latency effects introduced in large scale internet applications. In particular, we study the effects of heterogeneous latency on reachability in decentralized, distributed networks operating under flooding protocols. We show that the standard protocol mechanisms of time-to-live (TTL) and unique message identification (UID), used to govern flooding message transmissions, can combine to potentially devastating effect on the reachability of message broadcast. We call this combined effect short-circuiting, and we investigate consequences of this phenomenon. We show that in the worstcase, short-circuiting resulting from heterogeneous latencies can near-completely eliminate the reach of broadcast messages, even with an ability to place k ⪈ 1 broadcast servers optimally. This dramatic negative effect on reachability shows that application protocol designs need to be sensitive to latency models. In addition, we show that short-circuiting can have a negative effect on well known approximation algorithms for maximizing reachability. We show that with respect to distance measures that account for short-circuiting, the standardk-center problem can not be approximated within $n^{1-e},$ unless P = NP. Our theoretical results suggest that it may be quite difficult to find near optimal solutions to certain internet server selection problems. We consider the significance of our results on a large-scale peer-to-peer searching application, that relies on related flooding protocols. We report measurements through experimental studies with both simulated networks and a large network application known as Gnutella. Our empirical results, using statistics obtained from both the simulations and real applications, support the conclusion that, on average, the real effects of short-circuiting are significant, but not devastating to the performance of an overall large-scale system.
Starting Page	84
Ending Page	92
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISBN	1581134096
DOI	10.1145/378580.378594
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	2001-07-03
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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