NDLI: High-speed digital-to-analog conversion by integration of a variable-rate pulse train

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Introductory remarks

Techniques for reliability in computers for weapon control: keynote address

Computers with European accents

Reliability from a system point of view

Design of experiments for evaluating reliability

Reliability and the computer

A digital system simulator

A new input-output selection system for the Florida Automatic Computer (FLAC)

The IBM 650 RAMAC system disk storage operation

The IBM 650 RAMAC inquiry station operation

An RCA high-performance tape-transport system

A medium-speed magnetic core memory

Millimicrosecond transistor current switching techniques

The utilization of domain-wall viscosity in data-handling devices

Reliability in business systems

On prediction of system performance from information on component performance

Evaluation of failure data

Accuracy control systems for magnetic-core memories

Design of a basic computer building block

Error detection in redundant systems

Analog logarithmic and antilogarithmic circuits using switching transistors

High-speed digital-to-analog conversion by integration of a variable-rate pulse train

A reliable method of drift stabilization and error detection in large-scale analog computers

A new method of verifying analog computer problems and performances

The Lincoln TX-2 computer development

A functional description of the Lincoln TX-2 computer

The Lincoln TX-2 input-output system

Memory units in the Lincoln TX-2

Transistor circuitry in the Lincoln TX-2

Diagnostic techniques improve reliability

Error detection and error correction in real-time digital computers

The FORTRAN automatic coding system

The interpretation and attainment of reliability in industrial data systems

Accuracy control in the RCA Bizmac system

Continuous computer operational reliability

Field performance of a new automatic fault-locating means

The variable word and record length and the combined record approach on electronic data-processing systems

Empirical explorations of the logic theory machine: a case study in heuristic

Programming the logic theory machine

High-speed digital-to-analog conversion by integration of a variable-rate pulse train

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Glick, A. Dean
Abstract	The conversion of a binary number into an analog voltage, current, or shaft position is a basic problem which must be solved in a wide variety of digital control systems. Because of this widespread need, many techniques have been devised, each with individual limitations and shortcomings. A conversion of digits-to-shaft position can be made by comparing the digital representation from a code wheel with the binary number to be converted. The shaft attached to the code wheel is made to rotate until the reading obtained from it agrees with the number to be converted. The code wheel reading is subtracted from the number to be converted, and the difference quantity generates an analog error voltage which controls a servo connected to the shaft of the code wheel. A digit-to-voltage or current conversion may be accomplished by the method illustrated in Fig. 1. The principle is that of assigning appropriate analog weights to each binary digit. The individual analog quantities are essentially voltages or currents which are proportional to the significance of the respective digits in the numbering system. The conversion is effected by summing up the analog equivalent for each digit containing a binary one in the number being converted. In Fig. 1, the conversion is to an analog current, $I_{0},$ proportional to the binary number, represented by the switch settings. The binary number represented by the switch setting in this figure corresponds to 000101. It will be noted that the current produced is 5/64 E/R. Another system which should be mentioned, because at first glance it appears similar to the one to be described, is the Shannon-Rack converter. In this system, the binary representation of the number to be converted is sampled serially, starting with the lowest-order digit and proceeding to the highest. As the digits are shifted out of the register containing the number, a one digit will cause a pulse to be generated into a shunt RC circuit. The time constant of the RC network is such that in a digit pulse period the charge on the capacitor will decay to one-half of its initial value. Therefore, after n pulse periods, the charge remaining due to a one occurring at the first pulse time is proportional to $1/2^{n-1}.$ The exponential decay provides a convenient method of obtaining the appropriate binary weight. The voltage across the capacitor, one pulse period after the most significant digit has been shifted out, will equal a voltage proportional to the digital number which was contained in the register. A simplified circuit of this system is shown in Fig. 2. The circuit consists of a constant current source, a switch, a resistor, and a capacitor. The switch is controlled by the output of the register containing the number being converted. It is closed for a given period of time as each one is shifted from the register.
Starting Page	128
Ending Page	133
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
DOI	10.1145/1455567.1455589
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	1957-02-26
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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