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| Content Provider | ACM Digital Library |
|---|---|
| Author | Lee, Victor W. Bai, Yuxin Ipek, Engin |
| Abstract | Conventional off-chip voltage regulators are typically bulky and slow, and are inefficient at exploiting system and workload variability using Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS). On-die integration of voltage regulators has the potential to increase the energy efficiency of computer systems by enabling power control at a fine granularity in both space and time. The energy conversion efficiency of on-chip regulators, however, is typically much lower than off-chip regulators, which results in significant energy losses. Fine-grained power control and high voltage regulator efficiency are difficult to achieve simultaneously, with either emerging on-chip or conventional off-chip regulators. A voltage conversion framework that relies on a hierarchy of off-chip switching regulators and on-chip linear regulators is proposed to enable fine-grained power control with a regulator efficiency greater than 90%. A DVFS control policy that is based on a reinforcement learning (RL) approach is developed to exploit the proposed framework. Per-core RL agents learn and improve their control policies independently, while retaining the ability to coordinate their actions to accomplish system level power management objectives. When evaluated on a mix of 14 parallel and 13 multiprogrammed workloads, the proposed voltage conversion framework achieves 18% greater energy efficiency than a conventional framework that uses on-chip switching regulators. Moreover, when the RL based DVFS control policy is used to control the proposed voltage conversion framework, the system achieves a 21% higher energy efficiency over a baseline oracle policy with coarse-grained power control capability. |
| Starting Page | 825 |
| Ending Page | 838 |
| Page Count | 14 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 01635980 |
| DOI | 10.1145/3093315.3037717 |
| Journal | ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review (OPSR) |
| Volume Number | 51 |
| Issue Number | 2 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) |
| Publisher Date | 1975-04-01 |
| Publisher Place | New York |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Energy Computer architecture Thermal management Power |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Computer Networks and Communications Hardware and Architecture Information Systems |
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