NDLI: A structure from manipulation for text-graphic objects

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Lakin, Fred H.
Abstract	The general purpose graphics systems of the future will need a simple logic for visual objects—one structure underlying both text and graphics. As an experiment, perhaps the immediate handling of visual objects by the user can provide the starting point for developing that structure. This paper describes the PAM graphics system, in which the structure of text-graphic objects arises directly out of manual manipulation. The needs of manual manipulation determine the text-graphic pattern as the simplest organizing structure for images; PAM stands for PAttern Manipulating. The PAM system is designed for the agile manipulation of text-graphic patterns—first manually, and then, later, programmatically. Starting from this strict 'front-in' viewpoint—where immediate manipulation (hand powered animation) was to be the primary application—a 'manipulative grammar' was evolved to give the user a simple yet powerful handle on text-graphic images. This grammar turned out to be a generalization of LISP syntax from textual symbolic expressions to text-graphic forms, structuring such forms as trees and then offering: @@@@spatial GRABBING of objects into attention @@@@tree guided attention shifters like FIRST, REST, NEXT, and UP spatial & tree manipulations on any object in attention. @@@@The resulting structures also offer surprising computational power (in a manner directly analogous to the way the basic list structures and functions of LISP give rise to the flexibility and power of a full blown LISP system, McCarthy and Talcott [1]), leading finally to computing with text-graphic forms. Consequently, a semantic function is added to supplement the basic manipulative grammar: @@@@evaluation of object in attention, result displayed at the cursor. Evaluation supports facilities like naming (and thus saving) visual objects, programming, and creation of menus (patterns of evaluatable function objects). An experimental version of the PAM system has been implemented in MACLISP at the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Lab.
Starting Page	100
Ending Page	107
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00978930
DOI	10.1145/965105.807476
Journal	ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics (COMG)
Volume Number	14
Issue Number	3
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	1988-08-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Front-in design Phenomenology Man-machine interface Interactive computer graphics Manipulative grammar Visual linguistics Hand powered animation Graphics programming language Graphics command language Computing with text-graphic forms Lisp Text-graphic objects
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Science Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

A structure from manipulation for text-graphic objects

Implementation of an interactive computer graphics environment at NASA/JSC

ConMan:a visual programming language for interactive graphics

Put: language-based interactive manipulation of objects

The Assistant Mathematician:An interactive graphic programming language

Why a Lisp-based command language?

The interactive-graphic man-computer dialogue in computer-aided circuit design.

Interactive manipulation of large-scale crowd animation

Goodness criteria for programming language grammar rules

A structure from manipulation for text-graphic objects

Similar Documents

A structure from manipulation for text-graphic objects

Implementation of an interactive computer graphics environment at NASA/JSC

ConMan:a visual programming language for interactive graphics

Put: language-based interactive manipulation of objects

The Assistant Mathematician:An interactive graphic programming language

Why a Lisp-based command language?

The interactive-graphic man-computer dialogue in computer-aided circuit design.

Interactive manipulation of large-scale crowd animation

Goodness criteria for programming language grammar rules

A structure from manipulation for text-graphic objects