NDLI: A study of devirtualization techniques for a Java Just-In-Time compiler

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Ishizaki, Kazuaki Kawahito, Motohiro Nakatani, Toshio Yasue, Toshiaki Komatsu, Hideaki
Abstract	Many devirtualization techniques have been proposed to reduce the runtime overhead of dynamic method calls for various object-oriented languages, however, most of them are less effective or cannot be applied for Java in a straightforward manner. This is partly because Java is a statically-typed language and thus transforming a dynamic call to a static one does not make a tangible performance gain (owing to the low overhead of accessing the method table) unless it is inlined, and partly because the dynamic class loading feature of Java prohibits the whole program analysis and optimizations from being applied.We propose a new technique called direct devirtualization with the code patching mechanism. For a given dynamic call site, our compiler first determines whether the call can be devirtualized, by analyzing the current class hierarchy. When the call is devirtualizable and the target method is suitably sized, the compiler generates the inlined code of the method, together with the backup code of making the dynamic call. Only the inlined code is actually executed until our assumption about the devirtualization becomes invalidated, at which time the compiler performs code patching to make the backup code executed subsequently. Since the new technique prevents some code motions across the merge point between the inlined code and the backup code, we have furthermore implemented recently-known analysis techniques, such as type analysis and preexistence analysis, which allow the backup code to be completely eliminated. We made various experiments using 16 real programs to understand the effectiveness and characteristics of the devirtualization techniques in our Java Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler. In summary, we reduced the number of dynamic calls by ranging from 8.9% to 97.3% (the average of 40.2%), and we improved the execution performance by ranging from -1% to 133% (with the geometric mean of 16%).
Starting Page	294
Ending Page	310
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03621340 15581160
DOI	10.1145/354222.353191
Journal	ACM SIGPLAN Notices (SIGP)
Volume Number	35
Issue Number	10
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	1983-05-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Software

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