NDLI: High performance locks for multi-level NUMA systems

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Fagan, Michael Mellor-Crummey, John Chabbi, Milind
Abstract	Efficient locking mechanisms are critically important for high performance computers. On highly-threaded systems with a deep memory hierarchy, the throughput of traditional queueing locks, e.g., MCS locks, falls off due to NUMA effects. Two-level cohort locks perform better on NUMA systems, but fail to deliver top performance for deep NUMA hierarchies. In this paper, we describe a hierarchical variant of the MCS lock that adapts the principles of cohort locking for architectures with deep NUMA hierarchies. We describe analytical models for throughput and fairness of Cohort-MCS (C-MCS) and Hierarchical MCS (HMCS) locks that enable us to tailor these locks for high performance on any target platform without empirical tuning. Using these models, one can select parameters such that an HMCS lock will deliver better fairness than a C-MCS lock for a given throughput, or deliver better throughput for a given fairness. Our experiments show that, under high contention, a three-level HMCS lock delivers up to 7.6x higher lock throughput than a C-MCS lock on a 128-thread IBM Power 755 and a five-level HMCS lock delivers up to 72x higher lock throughput on a 4096-thread SGI UV 1000. On the K-means clustering code from the MineBench suit, a three-level HMCS lock reduces the running time by up to 55% compared to the C-MCS lock on a IBM Power 755.
Starting Page	215
Ending Page	226
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03621340 15581160
DOI	10.1145/2858788.2688503
Journal	ACM SIGPLAN Notices (SIGP)
Volume Number	50
Issue Number	8
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	1983-05-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Spin locks Analytical modeling Lock fairness Hierarchical locks Mcs Lock throughput Numa
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Software

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