NDLI: Deriving abstract transfer functions for analyzing embedded software

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Regehr, John Duongsaa, Usit
Abstract	This paper addresses the problem of creating abstract transfer functions supporting dataflow analyses. Writing these functions by hand is problematic: transfer functions are difficult to understand, difficult to make precise, and difficult to debug. Bugs in transfer functions are particularly serious since they defeat the soundness of any program analysis running on top of them. Furthermore, implementing transfer functions by hand is wasteful because the resulting code is often difficult to reuse in new analyzers and to analyze new languages. We have developed algorithms and tools for deriving transfer functions for the bitwise and unsigned interval abstract domains. The interval domain is standard; in the bitwise domain, values are vectors of three-valued bits. For both domains, important challenges are to derive transfer functions that are sound in the presence of integer overflow, and to derive precise transfer functions for operations whose semantics are a mismatch for the domain (i.e., bit-vector operations in the interval domain and arithmetic operations in the bitwise domain). We can derive transfer functions, and execute them, in time linear in the bitwidth of the operands. These functions are maximally precise in most cases. Our generated transfer functions are parameterized by a bitwidth and are independent of the language being analyzed, and also of the language in which the analyzer is written. Currently, we generate interval and bitwise transfer functions in C and OCaml for analyzing C source code, ARM object code, and AVR object code. We evaluate our derived functions by using them in an interprocedural dataflow analyzer.
Starting Page	34
Ending Page	43
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03621340 15581160
DOI	10.1145/1159974.1134657
Journal	ACM SIGPLAN Notices (SIGP)
Volume Number	41
Issue Number	7
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	1983-05-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Transfer functions Static analysis Abstract interpretation Embedded software
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Software

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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