NDLI: Analyzing the performance of code-copying virtual machines

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Verbrugge, Clark Prokopski, Gregory B.
Abstract	Many popular programming languages use interpreter-based execution for portability, supporting dynamic or reflective properties, and ease of implementation. Code-copying is an optimization technique for interpreters that reduces the performance gap between interpretation and JIT compilation, offering significant speedups over direct-threading interpretation. Due to varying language features and virtual machine design, however, not all languages benefit from codecopying to the same extent. We consider here properties of interpreted languages, and in particular bytecode and virtual machine construction that enhance or reduce the impact of code-copying. We implemented code-copying and compared performance with the original direct-threading virtual machines for three languages, Java (SableVM), OCaml, and Ruby (Yarv), examining performance on three different architectures, ia32 (Pentium 4), x86_64 (AMD64) and PowerPC (G5). Best speedups are achieved on ia32 by OCaml (maximum 4.88 times, 2.81 times on average), where a small and simple bytecode design facilitates improvements to branch prediction brought by code-copying. Yarv only slightly improves over direct-threading; large working sizes of bytecodes, and a relatively small fraction of time spent in the actual interpreter loop both limit the application of codecopying and its overall net effect. We are able to show that simple ahead of time analysis of VM and execution properties can help determine the suitability of code-copying for a particular VM before an implementation of code-copying is even attempted.
Starting Page	403
Ending Page	422
Page Count	20
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03621340 15581160
DOI	10.1145/1449955.1449796
Journal	ACM SIGPLAN Notices (SIGP)
Volume Number	43
Issue Number	10
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	1983-05-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Dynamic analysis Compiler optimization Branch prediction Virtual machines Performance Code-copying
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Software

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