NDLI: Direct manipulation:A step beyond programming languages (abstract only)

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Shneiderman, Ben
Abstract	Direct manipulation is a style of interaction which has been used by implementers of widely varying systems. Direct manipulation permits novice users access to powerful facilities without the burden of learning to use a complex syntax and lengthy list of commands. Display editors use direct manipulation more than line editors. Form-fill-in is more direct than tag fields and delimiters. Spatial data management is more direct than query-by-example, which is more direct than SEQUEL. Computer arcade games and Visicalc are further examples.Direct manipulation involves three interrelated techniques:1. Provide a physically direct way of moving a cursor or manipulating the objects of interest.2. Present a concrete visual representation of the objects of interest and immediately change the view to reflect operations.3. Avoid using a command language and depend? on operations applied to the cognitive model which is shown on the display.
ISSN	01635794
DOI	10.1145/1015579.810991
Journal	ACM SIGSOC Bulletin (SSOC)
Volume Number	13
Issue Number	2-3
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	1980-01-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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Direct manipulation:A step beyond programming languages (abstract only)