NDLI: Avoiding instability during graceful shutdown of multiple OSPF routers

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Dube, Rohit Shaikh, Aman Varma, Anujan
Abstract	Many recent router architectures decouple the routing engine from the forwarding engine, allowing packet forwarding to continue even when the routing process is not active. This opens up the possibility of using the forwarding capability of a router even when its routing process is brought down for software upgrade or maintenance, thus avoiding the route flaps that normally occur when the routing process goes down. Unfortunately, current routing protocols, such as BGP, OSPF and IS-IS do not support such operation. In an earlier paper [1], we described an enhancement to OSPF, called the IBB (I'll Be Back) capability, that enables a router to continue forwarding packets while its routing process is inactive.When the OSPF process in an IBB-capable router is inactive, it cannot adapt its forwarding table to reflect changes in network topology. This can lead to routing loops and/or black holes. In this paper, we focus on the loop problem and provide a detailed analysis of how and when loops are formed and propose solutions to prevent them. We develop two necessary conditions for the formation of routing loops in the general case when multiple routers are inactive. These conditions can easily be checked by the neighbors of the inactive routers. Simulations on several network topologies showed that checking the two conditions together signaled a loop in most cases only when a loop actually existed.
Starting Page	532
Ending Page	542
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10636692
DOI	10.1109/TNET.2006.876152
Volume Number	14
Issue Number	3
Journal	IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	2006-06-01
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	OSPF Hitless upgrade Intra-domain routing Network maintenance Routing
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Computer Networks and Communications Software Computer Science Applications

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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