NDLI: Cooperative learning and its application to emotion recognition from speech

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Zhang, Zixing Deng, Jun Coutinho, Eduardo Schuller, Björn
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	In this paper, we propose a novel method for highly efficient exploitation of unlabeled data--Cooperative Learning. Our approach consists of combining Active Learning and Semi-Supervised Learning techniques, with the aim of reducing the costly effects of human annotation. The core underlying idea of Cooperative Learning is to share the labeling work between human and machine efficiently in such a way that instances predicted with insufficient confidence value are subject to human labeling, and those with high confidence values are machine labeled. We conducted various test runs on two emotion recognition tasks with a variable number of initial supervised training instances and two different feature sets. The results show that Cooperative Learning consistently outperforms individual Active and Semi-Supervised Learning techniques in all test cases. In particular, we show that our method based on the combination of Active Learning and Co-Training leads to the same performance of a model trained on the whole training set, but using 75% fewer labeled instances. Therefore, our method efficiently and robustly reduces the need for human annotations.
Starting Page	115
Ending Page	126
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	23299290
e-ISSN	23299304
DOI	10.1109/TASLP.2014.2375558
Volume Number	23
Issue Number	1
Journal	IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing (TASLP)
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	2015-01-01
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Acoustics Active learning Cooperative learning Emotion recognition Multi-view learning Semi-supervised learning Supervised learning
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Instrumentation Computational Mathematics Signal Processing Electrical and Electronic Engineering Acoustics and Ultrasonics Speech and Hearing Media Technology

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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