NDLI: Situation-Specific Models of Color Differentiation

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Situation-Specific Models of Color Differentiation

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Gutwin, Carl Flatla, David R.
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Color is commonly used to represent categories and values in computer applications, but users with Color-Vision Deficiencies (CVD) often have difficulty differentiating these colors. Recoloring tools have been developed to address the problem, but current recolorers are limited in that they work from a model of only one type of congenital CVD (i.e., dichromatism). This model does not adequately describe many other forms of CVD (e.g., more common congenital deficiencies such as anomalous trichromacy, acquired deficiencies such as cataracts or age-related yellowing of the lens, or temporary deficiencies such as wearing tinted glasses or working in bright sunlight), and so standard recolorers work poorly in many situations. In this article we describe an alternate approach that can address these limitations. The new approach, called Situation-Specific Modeling (SSM), constructs a model of a specific user’s color differentiation abilities in a specific situation, and uses that model as the basis for recoloring digital presentations. As a result, SSM can inherently handle all types of CVD, whether congenital, acquired, or environmental. In this article we describe and evaluate several models that are based on the SSM approach. Our first model of individual color differentiation (called ICD-1) works in RGB color space, and a user study showed it to be accurate and robust (both for users with and without congenital CVD). However, three aspects of ICD-1 were identified as needing improvement: the calibration step needed to build the situation-specific model, and the prediction steps used in recoloring were too slow for real-world use; and the results of the model’s predictions were too coarse for some uses. We therefore developed three further techniques: ICD-2 reduces the time needed to calibrate the model; ICD-3 reduces the time needed to make predictions with the model; and ICD-4 provides additional information about the degree of differentiability in a prediction. Our final result is a model of the user’s color perception that handles any type of CVD, can be calibrated in two minutes, and can find replacement colors in near-real time $(^{~}1$ second for a 64-color image). The ICD models provide a tool that can greatly improve the perceptibility of digital color for many different types of CVD users, and also demonstrates situation-specific modeling as a new approach that can broaden the applicability of assistive technology.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	44
Page Count	44
File Format	PDF
ISSN	19367228
e-ISSN	19367236
DOI	10.1145/2399193.2399197
Volume Number	4
Issue Number	3
Journal	ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	2012-12-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Color vision deficiency Color differentiation Situation-specific modeling
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Human-Computer Interaction Computer Science Applications

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

Improving calibration time and accuracy for situation-specific models of color differentiation

Situation-specific models of color differentiation.

SSMRecolor: improving recoloring tools with situation-specific models of color differentiation

Accessibility for individuals with color vision deficiency

Improving calibration time and accuracy for situation-specific models of color differentiation. To appear: assets (2011).

Individuals with color vision deficiency.

Accessibility for individuals with color vision deficiency.

Assets 2011 doctoral consortium project summary: accessibility for individuals with color vision deficiency.

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction

Situation-Specific Models of Color Differentiation

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