NDLI: Central Dogma and Genetic Code

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Structure and Function

Introduction to Nucleic Acids

Composition of Nucleic Acids

Nucleosides and Nucleotides

Watson-Crick Model of DNA

Meselson and Stahl Experiment

Melting and Annealing of DNA

Stem-Loop Structure of RNA

DNA Polymerase and Catalysis of Phosphodiester Bond

Circular DNA, RNA Genes and Viruses

Promoter and Termination Sites

Central Dogma and Genetic Code

Start and Stop Codons

Exons and Introns of Eukaryotic mRNA

Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA Technology

Central Dogma and Genetic Code

Content Provider	AK Lectures
Description	The central dogma of molecular biology states that in all living cells genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins. What this means is that if we want to synthesize proteins, the genetic information must first be copied from the gene on the DNA onto the RNA molecule and only then can the RNA molecule be used to synthesize the protein of interest. Its not that difficult to imagine how our cells transcribe the RNA from the DNA because these two molecules use the same language - they consist of the same monomers we call nucleotides. Translation, or the synthesis of proteins however, presents more complexity. Proteins use the language of amino acids, which are clearly not the same molecules used by the RNA molecules. So how exactly do the ribosomes of the cells know how and what protein to form from the RNA molecule? All living cells use a system called a genetic code to translate the sequence of nucleotides on the RNA into its corresponding sequence of amino acids on the polypeptide chain. The genetic code (1) uses three-nucleotide sequences called codons to direct the proper amino acids onto the growing polypeptide chain (2) does not overlap (3) is read continuously and without punctuation and (4) is degenerative.
Language	English
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Biochemistry synthesis complexity ribosomes monomers gene interest RNA molecule molecules information nucleotides
Content Type	Video
Educational Role	Teacher Student
Educational Use	Self Learning Lecture Reading
Resource Type	Video Lecture
Education Level	Under Graduate
Subject	Biochemistry

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